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Browsing by Subject "Buckthorn"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Distribution Maps and Models for 13 Invasive Plants in Minnesota
    (2019-10-17) Reinhardt, Jason R; Russell, Matthew B; reinh215@umn.edu; Reinhardt, Jason R; University of Minnesota Silva Lab
    This dataset consists of raster (.tif) and map (.png) files for 13 invasive plants in Minnesota. Species included consist of: common buckthorn, glossy buckthorn, multiflora rose, garlic mustard, Canada thistle, common tansy, leafy spurge, spotted knapweed, wild parsnip, purple loosestrife, Japanese knotweed, narrowleaf bittercress, and plumeless thistle. The rasters (.tif files) included here consist of the output of species distribution modeling (SDM) conducted for each species; these files depict the mean cross-model and cross-assumption distribution estimates for each species, on a scale of 0 to 1. Values near 0 indicate low likelihood of finding the species there, or low habitat suitability, and values near 1 represent a high likelihood of finding the species. The maps (.png files) included here depict the same information, but in a static non-GIS compatible format.
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    Ecology and ecosystem impacts of common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica): a review
    (2007) Knight, Kathleen S; Kurylo, Jessica S; Endress, Anton G; Stewart, J. Ryan; Reich, Peter B
    In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge of the ecology and impacts of Rhamnus cathartica L., a shrub from Europe and Asia that is a successful invader in North America. Physiological studies have uncovered traits including shade tolerance, rapid growth, high photosynthetic rates, a wide tolerance of moisture and drought, and an unusual phenology that may give R. cathartica an advantage in the environments it invades. Its high fecundity, bird-dispersed fruit, high germination rates, seedling success in disturbed conditions, and secondary metabolite production may also contribute to its ability to rapidly increase in abundance and impact ecosystems. R. cathartica impacts ecosystems through changes in soil N, elimination of the leaf litter layer, possible facilitation of earthworm invasions, unsubstantiated effects on native plants through allelopathy or competition, and effects on animals that may or may not be able to use it for food or habitat.
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    Studies on Puccinia coronata var. coronata and other recently observed rust fungi in Minnesota
    (2023-07) Greatens, Nicholas
    In the spring of 2017, a prolific crown rust fungus was observed on the highly invasive glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus) around Central Park, Roseville, MN. Field observation and greenhouse studies established the grass host as another invasive species, reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea), and sequencing identified the rust fungus as Puccinia coronata var. coronata sensu stricto (Pcc), a taxon of likely Eurasian origin not previously known in Minnesota. Curiously, this new pathogen appeared to have a desirable effect locally, strongly affecting only two invasive plant species. In a research project that began in 2019 and was funded in 2020 by the Minnesota Invasive Terrestrial Plants and Pests Center, we pursued three goals, which correspond to the first three chapters of this dissertation: 1) to determine the distribution of Pcc in Minnesota and North America; 2) to assess its host specificity on potential buckthorn and grass hosts; and 3) to evaluate its potential as an augmentative biological control agent of one or both of its invasive hosts. We report Pcc across the range of glossy buckthorn in the Midwest and Northeastern U.S. but find that it is absent on susceptible reed canarygrass outside the range of glossy buckthorn within Minnesota. Cereal crop and turfgrass species were highly resistant to Pcc, but other grass and buckthorn species were susceptible, including some native North American species. In greenhouse trials, Pcc significantly reduced the height and biomass of both reed canarygrass and glossy buckthorn, supporting its use as a possible biological control agent of one or both of its hosts, although non-target effects and deployment strategies would require further consideration. Chapter four describes a similarly designed study around another crown rust fungus, Puccinia digitaticoronata, which we confirm for the first time in North America. We investigate its relation to other crown rust fungi and its pathogenicity on grass and buckthorn species. In greenhouse studies, the popular turfgrass species Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is broadly susceptible, along with numerous other native and weedy Poa spp. Common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), another widespread invasive species, is an aecial host of the rust fungus and likely facilitates its sexual cycle locally. Chapter five combines the results of two small projects published as plant disease notes: first reports of Puccinia glechomatis, a rust of creeping Charlie (Glechoma hederacea) in Minnesota and of a Puccinia sp. causing rust of lemongrass in Minnesota.