Browsing by Subject "Biosolids"
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Item The Beneficial Use of Biosolids from the City of Grand Rapids: A Preliminary Assessment of its Impact on Shallow Soil Water(University of Minnesota Duluth, 1996-04) McCarthy, Barbara J; Monson Geerts, Stephen DThe project was coordinated by the NCES with technical assistance provided by the Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI) to evaluate the impact of applying biosolids and wood ash to forest land on shallow soil water in the unsaturated zone. The overall purpose of the project is to determine if biosolids can be used in a beneficial manner, alone, or in combination with wood ash, as part of managing the reforestation of timber land in northern Minnesota. Biosolids from the City of Grand Rapids were applied by NCES staff on research plots planted with tree seedlings in the summer of 1995. The biosolids were applied at two rates, 15 and 30 ton/acre, with and without wood ash applied at a rate of 10 ton/acre. This report presents the first year results for soil water monitoring during the summer-fall of 1995.Item The Beneficial Use of Biosolids from the City Of Grand Rapids: A Second-Year Assessment of Its Impact on Shallow Soil Water(University of Minnesota Duluth, 1997-01) McCarthy, Barbara J; Monson Geerts, Stephen DThis report, which presents the results of year-two of a proposed three-year study, is part of a biosolids utilization project sponsored by the City of Grand Rapids at the North Central Experiment Station (NCES). The project was coordinated by the NCES, with technical assistance provided by the Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRl). The overall purpose of the project is to determine if biosolids could be used in a beneficial manner, alone, or in combination with wood ash, in the management of the reforestation of timber land in northern Minnesota. The purpose of this component of the project is to evaluate the impact of applying biosolids, with and without wood ash, on soil water in the unsaturated zone. Biosolids from the City of Grand Rapids were applied by NCES staff on research plots planted with tree seedlings in the summer of 1995. The biosolids were applied at two rates, 15 and 30 ton/acre, with and without wood ash applied at a single rate of 10 ton/acre. This report presents the second year results for soil water monitoring during the summer/fall of 1996.Item The Beneficial Use of Biosolids from the City of Grand Rapids: A Third-Year Assessment of Its Impact on Shallow Soil Water(University of Minnesota Duluth, 1998-10) McCarthy, Barbara J; Monson Geerts, Stephen DThis report, which presents the results of the third year of a three-year study, is part of a project sponsored by the City of Grand Rapids at the North Central Experiment Station (NCES) on the beneficial re-use of biosolids. The project was coordinated by the NCES, with.technical assistance provided by the Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI). The overall purpose of the project is to determine if biosolids can be used in a beneficial manner, alone, or in combination with wood ash, in reforestation practices in northern Minnesota. The purpose of this portion of the project is to evaluate the impact of applying biosolids, with and without wood ash, on shallow soil water in the unsaturated zone of a newly reforested area. Biosolids from the City of Grand Rapids were applied by NCES staff on research plots planted with various tree seedlings in the summer of 1995. The biosolids were applied at two rates, 15 and 30 ton/acre, with and without wood ash applied at a single rate of 10 ton/acre. This report presents the results from the third year of the study of soil water monitoring during the summer/fall of 1997. Annual reports were prepared in 1996 (McCarthy and Monson Geerts 1996) and 1997 (McCarthy and Monson Geerts 1997) that summarized the data from the first two years of the project.Item The biodegradation and microbiological impacts of micropollutants in methanogenic communities(2012-12) McNamara, Patrick JosephPervasive usage of chemicals generates micropollutants throughout the environment. Anaerobic environments in particular accumulate high levels of hydrophobic micropollutants, and it is estimated that over 200 metric tons of micropollutants are discharged with biosolids each year. It is important to understand how treatment processes impact the fate of micropollutants as well as understand how micropollutants impact microbiological communities so that environmental risks can be minimized. This research elucidated the impact of an emerging treatment process, thermal-hydrolysis coupled to mesophilic anaerobic digestion (TH-MAD), on the fate of nonylphenol ethoxylates as well as the impacts of triclosan and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on methanogenic community structure and function. The TH-MAD process inhibited biodegradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates to nonylphenol relative to MAD with no pretreatment. Indeed, the ratio of nonylphenol to the sum of nonylphenol ethoxylates + nonylphenol only increased by 24.6±3.1% in TH-MAD reactors compared to a 56% increase following MAD treatment. While post-aerobic treatment did reduce the sum of nonylphenol ethoxylates + nonylphenol, and concomitantly reduced estrogenicity, this research implied that source control is likely the most efficient option for removing these micropollutants. Triclosan is another wide-spread micropollutant that is persistent under anaerobic conditions. Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent that could therefore impact environmental systems that rely on healthy functioning of microorganisms. Methanogenic communities with no previous exposure to triclosan were able to adapt to triclosan at environmentally relevant levels and maintain function. When previously-exposed communities were exposed to triclosan at 4x current detected environmental levels, community structure shifted and methane production was inhibited. These levels of triclosan also selected for mexB, a gene that confers multidrug resistance, in previously unexposed communities. Lastly, PFOS was found to directly impact methanogenic communities and augment the impacts of triclosan in long-term exposure studies (140 days), but not in short-term (14 day) exposure studies.