Browsing by Subject "Beijing"
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Item Accessibility and the evaluation of investments on the Beijing subway(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2017) Jiang, Haibing; Levinson, DavidThis study measures the job and population accessibility via transit for Beijing using the cumulative opportunity metric. It is shown that transit accessibility varies widely across Beijing, but is highly focused on subway stations. Early lines added far more accessibility than more recently planned lines.Item An agent- and GIS-based virtual city creator: A case study of Beijing, China(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2018) Zhuge, Chengxiang; Shao, Chunfu; Wang, Shuling; Hu, YingMany agent-based integrated urban models have been developed to investigate urban issues, considering the dynamics and feedbacks in complex urban systems. The lack of disaggregate data, however, has become one of the main barriers to the application of these models, though a number of data synthesis methods have been applied. To generate a complete dataset that contains full disaggregate input data for model initialization, this paper develops a virtual city creator as a key component of an agent-based land-use and transport model, SelfSim. The creator is a set of disaggregate data synthesis methods, including a genetic algorithm (GA)-based population synthesizer, a transport facility synthesizer, an activity facility synthesizer and a daily plan generator, which use the household travel survey data as the main input. Finally, the capital of China, Beijing, was used as a case study. The creator was applied to generate an agent- and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based virtual Beijing containing individuals, households, transport and activity facilities, as well as their attributes and linkages.Item The implications of and institutional barriers to compact land development for transportation: Evidence from Bejing(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2013) Zhao, PengjunLand use patterns are believed to affect transportation, while low-capacity land-use management is often seen as one of the primary institutional barriers to sustainable transport. Examining the case of Beijing, this paper aims to contribute more evidence in relation to these issues. Over the past decades China’s megacities have witnessed a dramatic transition in land use from traditional compact development to sprawling development due to rapid urbanization. This study found that this transition has tended to increase car usage and thus worsen the emission of pollutants by transport in Beijing when growth of income and other socioeconomic factors are taken into account. It is apparent that compact land-use policies need to be reintroduced to reduce car use. However, there are several institutional barriers related to the reintroduction of compact development in the current context of transition from a centrally planned system to a market system in China’s cities. In particular, increasing fragmentation in the realm of land-development management has created serious challenges to the implementation of compact land-development policies. Therefore, institutional capacity building is needed to enable compact land-use policies to control local sprawl and promote sustainable transport.Item Inequitable job accessibility across educational and hukou groups in Beijing: An analysis of transit-based accessibility to sectoral jobs(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2018) Sun, Tieshan; Fan, YinglingThis paper documents inequitable transit-based accessibility to sectoral jobs among population groups with different educational attainment and hukou status in Beijing, China. A cumulative transit-based job accessibility measure is applied and multiple data sources are used, including the transit travel-time data from a Chinese web mapping service and the population and employment distribution data from the 2010 Population Census and the 2013 Economic Census of Beijing. We find clear differences in transit-based job accessibility among employment sectors and among population groups in Beijing. On average, jobs in the finance sector are the most accessible by transit, and jobs in the manufacturing sector are the least accessible by transit. Despite having the highest transit dependency, the low-educated migrant population has the lowest transit-based job accessibility regardless of employment sectors. The disparities are especially large when tying specific populations with specific sectors. Within 60 minutes, the low-educated migrant population using transit, on average, can only access 4.6% of total manufacturing jobs in Beijing. In contrast, the same measure for the highly educated local population accessing jobs in the finance sector is as high as 48.3%. The findings suggest that general transit improvements and jobs and population redistribution efforts, without specific sectoral and population considerations, are unlikely to create equal access to job opportunities. In Beijing, greater attention must be paid to connect the low-educated migrant population to low-skilled and decentralized jobs in the manufacturing, construction, and transportation and storage sectors.Item Private Rental Listings in Beijing, 2015 and 2018(2021-04-08) Wang, Yi; wang8262@umn.edu; Wang, Yi; University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional AffairsThe dataset includes rental listings from Lianjia (http://bj.lianjia.com) and Woaiwojia (https://bj.5i5j.com) in 2015 and 2018. I employed a web-scraping software program to collect rental listings every Sunday from January to March in 2015 and 2018. The information collected includes the unit’s geographical location, floor area (in square meters), and monthly rent. I then removed items that were duplicates from the original raw collections, items that contained invalid or incomplete information, and items that were not about residential units but storage or commercial spaces.Item Suburbanization, land use of TOD and lifestyle mobility in the suburbs: An examination of passengers’ choice to live, shop and entertain in the metro station areas of Beijing(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2018) Pengjun, Zhao; Shengxiao, LiIn the process of suburbanization of large growing cities, transit passengers have an undeniable role to play in terms of local traffic, car use, and petrol consumption. It is widely believed that transit-oriented development (metro station) could encourage people to live and consume near transit station areas through walking and cycling rather than travelling by car. However, opinions on this are still mixed. In addition, the existing literature is dominated by analyses of residents, while analyses of passengers remain scarce. This paper fills this gap by looking at metro station areas in Beijing. Using survey data, the study found mixed land use attracts passengers to shop more within metro station areas than in other places. More non-residential land developments attract more patrons to dine and access entertainment within metro station areas. Surprisingly, land use in the metro station areas was unrelated to passengers’ choice to live within metro station areas, while housing prices and income had significant effects. Personal preferences for travel mode have an effect, and those who dislike travel tend to shop and seek entertainment locally. This study suggests that land-use planning in metro station areas could be helpful in shaping more sustainable mobility in the process of suburbanization of China’s growing cities.Item Willingness to change car use under a tradable driving credits scheme: A comparison between Beijing and the Netherlands(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2018) Dogterom, Nico; Bao, Yue; Xu, Meng; Ettema, DickRecent years have seen a surge of interest in the concept of tradable driving credits (TDC) as an alternative to road pricing and driving restriction measures. However, empirical research into drivers’ responses to a TDC measure is limited and even lacking for the Chinese context where the concept of TDC has attracted considerable attention. This paper reports the results of a survey that was the first to investigate drivers’ willingness to change car use under a hypothetical distance-based TDC measure in China (Beijing) and aimed to compare these results with the results of a comparative Dutch survey. We observed that willingness to change was considerably higher in Beijing than in the Netherlands and that a substantial share of Beijing car owners indicated an increase in car use. In both contexts, higher education and higher car use intensity had a positive effect on the willingness to change, whereas higher income had a negative effect. We found mixed results for household size, respondents’ car attitudes, and TDC scenario characteristics.