Browsing by Subject "B4WarmED"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Data set used in publication titled: All the light we cannot see: Climate manipulations leave short and long-term imprints in spectral reflectance of trees
    (2024-12-10) Stefanski, Artur; Butler, Ethan B.; Williams, Laura J.; Bermudez, Raimundo; Guzman, J. Antonio; Larson, Andrew; Townsend, Philip A.; Montgomery, Rebecca A.; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; Reich, Peter B.; astefans@uwsp.edu; Stefanski, Artur; ASCEND
    Anthropogenic climate change, particularly changes in temperature and precipitation, affects plants in multiple ways. Because plants respond dynamically to stress and acclimate to changes in growing conditions, diagnosing quantitative plant-environment relationships is a major challenge. One approach to this problem is to quantify leaf responses using spectral reflectance, which provides rapid, inexpensive, and nondestructive measurements that capture a wealth of information about genotype as well as phenotypic responses to the environment. However, it is unclear how warming, and drought affect spectra. To address this gap, we used an open-air field experiment that manipulates temperature and rainfall in 36 plots at two sites in the boreal-temperate ecotone of northern Minnesota, USA. We collected leaf spectral reflectance (400-2400 nm) at the peak of the growing season for three consecutive years on juveniles (two to six years old) of five tree species planted within the experiment. We hypothesized that these mid-season measurements of spectral reflectance capture a snapshot of the leaf phenotype encompassing a suite of physiological, structural, and biochemical responses to both long- and short-time scale environmental conditions. We show that the imprint of environmental conditions experienced by plants hours to weeks before spectral measurements is linked to regions in the spectrum associated with stress, namely the water absorption regions of the near-infrared and shortwave infrared. In contrast, the environmental conditions plants experience during leaf development leave lasting imprints on the spectral profiles of leaves, attributable to leaf structure and chemistry (e.g., pigment content and associated ratios). Our analyses show that after accounting for baseline species spectral differences, spectral responses to the environment do not differ among the species. This suggests that building a general framework for understanding forest responses to climate change through spectral metrics may be possible, likely having broader implications if the common responses among species detected here represent a widespread phenomenon. Consequently, these results demonstrate that examining the entire spectrum of leaf reflectance for environmental imprints in contrast to single features (e.g. indices and traits) improves inferences about plant-environment relationships, which is particularly important in times of unprecedented climate change.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Phenological data (2009-2013) for ten tree species grown under experimental warming in northern Minnesota, USA
    (2020-03-27) Montgomery, Rebecca A; Stefanski, Artur; Reich, Peter B; Rice, Karen E; rebeccam@umn.edu; Montgomery, Rebecca A; University of Minnesota Forest Ecology Group
    This dataset contains five years of data on time of budburst, growing degree days at the time of budburst, time of senescence and phenological growing season length phenology data for ten tree species native to Minnesota, USA. Data were collected in a long-term open-air warming experiment located a the Cloquet Forestry Center, Cloquet, MN, USA and the Hubachek Wilderness Research Center, Ely, MN, USA. The design was a 2 (site) X 2 (habitat) x 3 (warming treatment) factorial, with 6 replicates (2 per block) for a total of 72 7.1 m2 circular plots. Species include: Quercus rubra, Quercus macrocarpa, Pinus banksiana, Pinus strobus, Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera, Abies balsamea, Picea glauca, Acer rubrum, Acer saccharum. These data are released in conjunction with a publication.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Phenological responses of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and tree seedlings to experimental climate change conditions in northern Minnesota
    (2016-08) Rice, Karen
    Changing climate has been linked to changes in phenology, the timing of biological events such as leaf out and flowering. Phenological changes of herbaceous plants and shrubs remain less studied and thus less understood. This study takes place within the Boreal Forest Warming at an Ecotone in Danger (B4WarmED) project in Minnesota, examining phenological responses of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and tree seedlings to warming and reduced rainfall over. Warming extended the growing season, primarily through earlier leaf unfolding in the spring. Flowering advanced under warming, though more so for fall blooming species than for spring blooming species. Warming did not alter senescence for most species, though several species did delay senescence with warming. Community level phenological responses of the groundlayer and tree seedlings were not altered by rainfall treatments. Fall blooming species altered flowering phenology to rainfall manipulation. Two species diverged in flowering time in the warmest, driest treatment.