Browsing by Subject "Attribution"
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Item Examining the Effects of an Attribution Retraining Intervention on the Attributions and Engagement of Alternative School Students(2015-07) Cooper, MaureenThe purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of an intervention designed to increase effortful attributions in high school students enrolled in an alternative high school at risk for failure to graduate. Pre-test and post-test self-report surveys on student attributions and engagement were collected and analyzed prior to and after the administration of an attribution retraining intervention for a treatment and control group. An additional 5-question survey on educational background was collected to better describe and understand the educational experience of the sample of students. The attribution and engagement surveys suggested that there were no significant effects of the attribution retraining intervention on student attributions or engagement. A significant relationship existed between perceived family support for learning, and students' history of consistent attendance in school. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.Item Why Disagreement Obstructs Constructive Dialogue: The Role of Biased Attribution of Moral Motives(2014-09) Reifen Tagar, MichalDiversity of opinions is often celebrated as an opportunity to learn from one another and to improve decision-making by widening the scope of considerations informing decisions, and, on the societal level, is lauded as the foundation of liberal democracy. Yet, constructive dialogue across lines of disagreement is often lacking, especially around the more charged and contentious issues of disagreement. The goal of the current research project was to examine the proposition that biased attribution of moral motives plays an adverse role in the relation between disagreement and tolerance of ideational opponents. In particular, it was expected that people impugn the moral motives of those with dissimilar opinions, especially when the issue of contention is held as a moral conviction, and that this biased perception in turn leads to greater intolerance of such opponents. The pattern of results accrued across four studies supports this expectation. Across diverse issues of disagreement, to the extent that participants held their positions with high moral conviction, they were more likely to see their ideational opponents as less morally motivated than themselves, and this biased attribution, in turn, led to more negative attitudes and emotions toward the other, to greater distrust and desire for social distance, and less willingness to work together; all this occurring above and beyond the simultaneous mediating role of biased attribution of ability. These negative outcomes effectively obstruct the likelihood of engagement and constructive dialogue that could advance shared understanding, and ultimately individual and societal progress and well-being. As such, the pattern of results that emerged from the current research suggests that biased attribution of moral motives in the context of moral disagreement deserves greater attention in future studies of interpersonal, organizational, and intergroup relations, as well as democratic processes.