Browsing by Subject "1970s"

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"The Embattled University" Student Protest + Architecture, 1960s-1970s, University of Minnesota
(2017-05) Ghoshal, Shreya; Torkelson, Jacob
The 1960s and 1970s, often referred to as the ‘protest years’, were a period of great unrest on university campuses nation-wide. Students protested the Vietnam War, the draft, civil rights, and other social equity issues, all of which reflected the shifting ideals of the rising ‘babyboomer’ generation. The scholarship surrounding the student protest movement is often discussed through the lenses of political science or sociology. Analyses of the era rarely acknowledge how architecture influences protests; most discussions of the student protest movement, in fact, completely ignore the physical settings of demonstrations. This study addresses this gap in scholarship by arguing that the design of the built environment contains controls and affordances for protests, using the University of Minnesota as a case study and a microcosm of greater social trends across the nation. It further argues that students repeatedly used certain spaces on campus—whether consciously or not—based on stylistic, spatial, or programmatic factors. The symbolism of the institution —embedded in campus architecture— influenced the locations chosen for rallies, as documented by archival resources such as student newspapers and photographs, and by oral histories of students from the era. Student unions, administrative buildings, armories, and auditoriums were found to be particularly charged spaces that demonstrators adopted or adapted to reinforce the meaning of the protests. These findings were then diagrammed onto University of Minnesota spaces in order to visually represent the information analyzed in a way that could be presented as part of an exhibition on architecture’s role in protests.
Formal Garden
(1979)
Interview with A. Marilyn Sime
(University of Minnesota, 2010-04-15) Tobbell, Dominique A.; Sime, A. Marilyn
A. Marilyn Sime begins by discussing her background, including her education. She discusses her experiences as a baccalaureate student at the University of Minnesota; working as a nurse at the University Hospital in the late 1950s; working as a nurse in Minot, ND, in the 1950s; her experiences as an instructor at the University of Minnesota; teaching in the baccalaureate program; and her doctoral research. She compares her responsibilities at the different places she worked, particularly Minot and the University Hospital. She describes nursing curriculum changes in the 1960s; technologies she interacted with in the critical care unit; how physicians treated nurses; the efforts of the School of Nursing to secure funding for building Unit F; the concern in the 1960s over the shortage of health care workers; challenge exams for RNs in the 1970s; the Boston University School of Nursing; the rural nursing program at the University of Minnesota; and the Block Nurse Program at the University of Minnesota. She discusses team nursing; faculty organization issues and discontent with Edna Fritz’s leadership; the effects of the School of Nursing being part of the College of Medical Sciences in the 1960s and the changes with the reorganization of the health sciences in the School of Nursing becoming more autonomous in 1970; and relations between the health science units and their faculty after the reorganization. She talks about the practical nursing program; changes in the graduate nursing curriculum and the development of doctoral program; funding; issues of gender; the women’s health movement; the development of the nurse midwifery program; the public health nursing program; the relationship between the University Hospital and the School of Nursing; the Minnesota Nursing Association, the American Nursing Association, and the National League of Nursing; and nurse practitioners. She remembers Katherine Densford, Edna Fritz, Isabel Harris, Irene Ramey, and Lyle French.
Interview with Alfred Michael
(University of Minnesota, 2012-04-25) Tobbell, Dominique A.; Michael, Alfred F.
Dr. Alfred Michael begins his interview with a reflection on his childhood and education in Philadelphia and his interests in medicine and pediatrics. He describes his decision to move to the University of Minnesota in order to work with Dr. Robert A. Good. He then discusses all of the following in relation to his research: working with Robert Vernier; changes in technology and methodology related to testing the kidney; his graduate work in biochemistry; specialization in medical research; work on transplantation and dialysis with John Najarian and Carl Kjellstrand; kidney research at the University; the expansion of and coverage for dialysis; and his time in Copenhagen. Dr. Michael then describes Dr. John Anderson’s tenure as department chair and his own tenure as dean, during which he made efforts to create a major children’s hospital facility in combination with the University. He also reflects on the larger context of changes in healthcare structures in the period, particularly the emergence of HMOs and Minnesota’s role in the development of HMOs, and town/gown relations in the Twin Cities. Dr. Michael then discusses Robert Howard and David Brown’s tenures as dean of the Medical School and issues with private practice and finances at the University. Turning to administrative matters, Dr. Michael describes his work with Win Wallin; William Brody’s tenure as provost of the AHC; and the growth of the administrative power of the AHC. He then elaborates on the creation of University of Minnesota Clinical Associates and University of Minnesota Physicians; the sale of University Hospital to Fairview; divisions of responsibility and administration within the AHC; relations between different schools in the AHC; and the investigation of John Najarian in connection with Antilymphocyte Globulin (ALG). He concludes with reflections on the balance of research, teaching, and clinical work; his moves into administrative positions; his work on various boards; his work with the Legislature; and the Medical School’s standing.
Interview with Alvin F. Weber
(University of Minnesota, 2011-10-06) Tobbell, Dominique A.; Weber, Alvin F.
Alvin F. Weber begins by discussing the influence of his rural upbringing on his decision to pursue veterinary medicine through college, at the University of Wisconsin, veterinary school, at the University of Iowa, and graduate studies, again at the University of Wisconsin. He discusses his close brush with military service and his move to the University of Minnesota in 1949. He comments on the impact of the electron microscope and his work on the International Nomenclature Committee. He then recounts his international research during sabbaticals working on cattle leukemia. He discusses his relationships with other faculty members like William Boyd, Bill Thorp, and Sid Ewing. He talks about the 1985 affiliation of the College with the AHC and about running the diagnostics facility at the University of Minnesota. He describes building, both structurally and programmatically, the Veterinary College, funding struggles, increasing numbers of female students over the years, technological and medical advances, and the development of small animal medicine. He also recounts his chromosomal research in cattle.
Interview with Arnold Anderson
(University of Minnesota, 2010-02-02) Tobbell, Dominique A.; Anderson, Arnold
Arnold Anderson begins by discussing his background, including his education and why he became a physician. He discusses his experiences as a medical student at the University of Minnesota, as an intern at San Diego County Hospital, in the army as a pediatrician, and as a pediatric fellow at the Mayo Clinic. He describes setting up his group practice and establishing the Park Nicollet Clinic and the development and building of the Minneapolis Children’s hospital. He discusses pediatric medicine, the University of Minnesota Medical School, the UMN Medical School’s relationship with private practitioners, Internal Medicine at the UMN, the Department of Pediatrics at the UMN, the relationship between the Mayo Clinic and the UMN Medical School, the relationship between the UMN Medical School and Twin Cities hospitals, and relations between departments at the UMN Medical School. He discusses the Teenage Medical Center, Human Ecology, physician fees, academic medicine, and principles of management and leadership. He talks about Robert Howard, Irvine McQuarrie, John Anderson, Robert Good, and Richard Magraw.
Interview with Barbara Leonard
(University of Minnesota, 2011-10-20) Tobbell, Dominique A.; Leonard, Barbara
Dr. Barbara Leonard begins her interview by discussing her education and her interest in public health nursing. In particular, she describes her early experiences with vaccination and her clinical rotations in college. She then reflects on her work toward a master’s degree in public health at the University of Minnesota, including her coursework, mentors, the creation of the Public Health Nurse Practitioner Program, and the changes to and restructuring of nursing programs in the School of Public Health. She also discusses the following: the impact of the Rajender Consent Decree, relations between the School of Public Health and the School of Nursing; curriculum reform within the School of Nursing; the positioning of nursing programs within the School of Public Health; the favorable economic position of the health sciences in the 1960s and 1970s; and knowledge and skills-based competition among healthcare professionals. The interview then turns toward the following topics: Lee Stauffer as dean of the School of Public Health; transitions in the scope of public health regarding prevention and healthcare delivery; relations among divisions within the School of Public Health; the leadership of Alma Sparrow; her pursuit of a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration; and her interests in maternal and child health and particularly children with chronic disease.
Interview with Barbara Spradley
(University of Minnesota, 2011-11-01) Tobbell, Dominique A.; Spradley, Barbara
Spradley begins by discussing her time in a Japanese internment camp during World War II. Spradley describes spending several years in Arkansas while her husband was stationed at Fort Chaffee. She goes on to describe her experiences working as a public health nurse in Washington State. Spradley discusses her husband’s anthropological work and his recruitment to Macalester College, which led to their move to Minnesota. She discusses the tenure process at the University of Minnesota and fighting to have her work publishing textbooks considered as scholarly work by the committee. She discusses some of the politics of the School of Public Health during her time there, including interactions with Henry Blackburn, Barbara Leonard, and others. Spradley also talks about gender equality issues in the School.
Interview with Bashar Bakdash
(University of Minnesota, 2013-01-31) Klaffke, Lauren E.; Bakdash, Bashar
Dr. Bashar Bakdash begins his first interview by discussing his dental training and his arrival in the United States. He recalls his time studying at the University of California, Los Angeles, his pursuit of a master’s degree in public health, his move to Indiana to complete his degree in periodontology and his residency training, and his move to the University of Minnesota. In reviewing his time at the University of Minnesota, Bakdash discusses his experiences with Dr. Erwin Schaeffer as dean, his teaching, his work toward gaining citizenship in the United States, Dr. Lars Folke’s leadership in the division of periodontology, and Dr. Carl Bandt’s mentorship. Bakdash also discusses his work in professional organizations, his education and media work, his dual appointment in the Dental School and the School of Public Health, teaching, his work for the Center for Disease Control, the threatened closure of the School of Dentistry, and his committee work. He concludes part one of his interview discussing the balance of teaching, research, and clinical work. In his second interview, Bakdash begins by discussing his international work through the Dental School. He then reflects on the leadership of Drs. Lars Folke and Carl Bandt in the Division of Periodontology, the culture of the Dental School in the 1970s, the leadership of Dr. Erwin Schaeffer as dean and his relationship with the legislature, the relationship between the Dental School and the Medical School, and funding for the Dental School. He then considers the Academic Health Center as an umbrella organization and the relationships among the different schools within the AHC. He then discusses Dr. Richard Oliver’s tenure as dean, retrenchment, efforts to admit more women and minority students in the 1970s and 1980s, the Rajender Consent Decree, Dr. Richard Elzay’s tenure as dean, Dr. Frank Cerra’s role as Vice President of the AHC, Dr. Michael Till’s tenure as dean, his work on the Minnesota and American Dental Associations, his work on the faculty senate. He concludes with final thoughts on changes in dental education and the function of the AHC.
Interview with Bright Dornblaser
(University of Minnesota, 2011-02-25) Tobbell, Dominique A.; Dornblaser, Bright
Bright Dornblaser begins by discussing his background, including his education. He discusses why he returned to UMN as a faculty member in 1967; his experience as a graduate student and faculty member in the School of Public Health, including commenting on faculty and deans such as Gaylord Anderson, Lee Stauffer, Edith Leyasmeyer, and Robert Kane. He also discusses the first vice president for health sciences, Lyle French. He describes relations between divisions within the School of Public Health and relations with other colleges within the Health Sciences; funding of the School of Public Health; the Hospital Administration Program; shift in focus in the School of Public Health toward research; the Ph.D. program in hospital administration; the relationship between the Hospital Administration Program and the University Hospitals; public health nursing program; space in the School of Public Health; the position of the School of Public Health within the Health Sciences; the program in health care administration’s time in the Carlson School of Management and its move back to the School of Public Health and into the new division of Health Policy Management; the Alumni Association of the hospital administration program; and recruitment of minority and women students.
Interview with Burton L. Shapiro
(University of Minnesota, 2012-12-14) Klaffke, Lauren E.; Shaprio, Burton L.
Burton Shapiro begins his interview with a survey of his education and choices to pursue dental specialization and genetics research. He discusses his position as a genetics researcher in the Dental School, his dental education at New York University (NYU), and his responsibilities as a professor at the University of Minnesota. Dr. Shapiro then provides a chronology and review of his research, including his work on Down syndrome, exfoliative cytology, programmed cell death, and cystic fibrosis. He discusses his sources of funding, including money that came directly from the Minnesota Legislature and money from the American Cancer Society. Dr. Shapiro then reflects on the Dental School and the University more broadly, including the following topics: the deanships of William Crawford and Erwin Schaffer, student activism in the Dental School, the work of Carl Witkop, changing configurations of the School, the increasing number of women in the School, the creation of the Division of Health Ecology, the relationships between University Hospitals and Clinics and the Dental School, water fluoridation in Minnesota, the move from Owre Hall to Moos Tower, his experiences with Lyle French and the State Legislature, his work on the Health Sciences Policy and Review Committee and other committee work, Richard Oliver's deanship, retrenchment, minority admissions, Richard Elzay's deanship, the threat of closure of the Dental School, Neal Vanselow as vice president of the AHC, William Brody as provost of the AHC, and Frank Cerra as vice president of the AHC.
Interview with Carl A. Osborne
(University of Minnesota, 2011-10-17) Tobbell, Dominique A.; Osborne, Carl A.
Dr. Carl Osborne begins with his upbringing, educational background, and childhood relationships with animals. He earned his DVM at Purdue University and took a tenure-track position at the University of Minnesota while he pursued his PhD with a research focus in the urinary tract. He discusses his early years in the Department of Veterinary Medicine, including W. T. S. Thorp’s tenure as dean. He also recounts the relationship of the department to the state legislature in working with large animals and the political influence of the rural population of the state. He describes the potential for retrenchment of the Vet School that occurred in 1988. In reflecting on his time as a researcher, clinician, and teacher, Dr. Osborne shares his philosophies on life, teaching, and veterinary medicine. He describes the leadership changes within and the politics of the school, exploring some of the conflicts that arose over the course of his career. In discussing changing leadership, Dr. Osborne also comments on his own leadership roles. He then describes the internal and external relationships of the vet school, in aligning itself with the Academic Health Center and establishing reciprocity with the University of Wisconsin. Dr. Osborne returns to discussions of leadership within the school in describing the tenures of deans Sidney Ewing, David Thawley, and Bob Dunlop. In returning to his role within the department as clinician, researcher, and teacher, Dr. Osborne again shares his philosophy of veterinary medicine.
Interview with Carl R. Jessen
(University of Minnesota, 2011-08-12) Tobbell, Dominique A.; Jessen, Carl R.
Carl Jessen begins his interview by discussing his upbringing, his interest in veterinary medicine, and his education. He follows this with his entrance into private practice and then his return to school for a Ph.D. in qualitative genetics and radiology. He then reflects on changes in the department over the period when he first entered the DVM program, to his reentrance for a Ph.D. and subsequent hiring as a faculty member, and then makes a modern comparison. Within his reflection on the school, Jessen discusses budgetary problems in the teaching hospital, the push for the faculty to get a constitution and faculty council, the relationship between the School and the legislature in terms of funding, and the growth of the profession. Within his own career, Jessen shares his philosophy on the balance of research, teaching, and clinical work. In terms of the land grant mission of the University, he also considers relationships between the Vet School and out-of-state students and between the School and the community. Reviewing the history of the school under Dean Sidney Ewing, Jessen relates the effects of changes in the structure of the school and the school’s loss of accreditation in the mid 1970s. Pursuant with these changes in the mid 1970s, he also relates changes in the profession and the school that led to an increase in the number of female students. He then speaks to relations with the University of Wisconsin, his duties as associate dean and director of the hospital, Robert Dunlop’s tenure as dean, budget problems and the hospital business model, the School’s emphasis on teaching over research, the integration of the Vet School into the AHC, the deanships of Jeff Kausner and David Thawley, and the connection between the Vet School and the legislature through animal industries. He ends the interview by again emphasizing the teaching mission of the School.
Interview with David Born
(University of Minnesota, 2013-12-10) Born, David O.; Klaffke, Lauren E.
Dr. David Born begins part one of his interview by describing his educational background and influences on his career trajectory. He then discusses the beginning of his career at the University of Minnesota in the Division of Health Ecology, covering the following topics: curriculum changes, community relations, career guidance, placement programs, and workforce issues. In part two of his interview, Dr. David Born describes how he came to be Department Head for American Indian Studies and his goals for the program. He then reviews his work in various leadership roles within the Dental School and in committee work for the University. Dr. Born also reflects on the following topics: the threatened closure of the School of Dentistry; retrenchment; the Dental School as part of the Academic Health Center (AHC); Lyle French’s tenure as Vice President of the Health Sciences; Dr. Erwin Schaeffer’s tenure as Dean of the Dental School; changes in the practice of dentistry; Dr. Richard Oliver’s tenure as Dean; efforts to recruit minority students to the Dental School; changes in the composition of the dental workforce; Dr. Richard Elzay’s tenure as Dean; and the work of other leaders in the Dental School and the AHC. He concludes with final reflections on mentorship and his work in the Dental School.
Interview with David Brown
(University of Minnesota, 2012-05-09) Tobbell, Dominique A.; Brown, David M.
David Brown begins by describing his childhood and education in Illinois. He discusses his experience attending medical school in the 1960s and his decision to join the University of Minnesota’s Department of Pediatrics. He describes his experiences with Ellis Benson and others with whom he worked in the Department. He discusses the role of women in laboratory medicine and his work in comparative endocrinology. He explains the differences in the administrations of several different deans of the Medical School and the School’s changing relationship with the University (and later, Fairview) Hospital. He describes some of the issues of town/gown in Minneapolis and in Minnesota at large, especially related to pediatric medicine. He describes his decision to become an administrator and his own tenure as Dean of the Medical School, the development of the Masonic Cancer Center, and the University’s ALG scandal. He concludes with his retirement and his discovery of a passion for art.
Interview with Delores "Dee" Weaver
(University of Minnesota, 2013-08-25) Klaffke, Lauren E.; Weaver, Delores "Dee"
Delores Weaver begins her interview by elaborating on her education in South Dakota and then at the University of Minnesota. She then reflects on her military service in the Navy as part of the WAVES and her husband’s service in the Air Force. Mrs. Weaver then discusses her work as a flight attendant, her time doing procedure audits for Bechtel Company in San Francisco, and how she met her husband, Lawrence Weaver. She then reviews her husband’s early career, as an adjunct at Butler while working for Pitman-Moore, which became part of Dow Chemical, and his interest in pursuing a career in pharmacy. In reflecting on her husband’s work as dean of the College of Pharmacy at the University of Minnesota, Mrs. Weaver discusses all of the following regarding her husband’s work: the problems he faced with finding adequate space; creation of the PharmD program; the changing role of the pharmacist; his work on the formation of the Academic Health Center (AHC); lobbying the State Legislature; serving as vice president of professional relations for the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers of America (PMA); and his support of orphan drug work. She then discusses her own work as a volunteer at University Hospital, the couple’s return to the Twin Cities when Dr. Weaver served as temporary dean of the School of Pharmacy from 1994 to 1996, Dr. Weaver’s leadership style, and funding for the School. She concludes the interview by reviewing Dr. Weaver’s relationships with various vice presidents of the AHC and his work on orphan drugs.
Interview with Dianne Bartels
(University of Minnesota, 2013-06-21) Tobbell, Dominique A.; Bartels, Dianne
Dr. Dianne Bartels begins her interview by describing her interest in healthcare and her experiences in nursing school and as a nurse at University of Minnesota Hospital. In relation to her work as a nurse at University Hospital, she reviews medical technologies, relations among different members of the staff, Florence Julian and Marie Manthey’s leadership, the development of primary nursing, and the relations between nursing staff at the Hospital and the School of Nursing. Dr. Bartels then discusses all of the following topics in relation to her career in nursing: her time at Mary Crest College in Davenport, IA and the University of Washington; her return to Minnesota as associate director at Methodist Hospital in St. Louis Park; concerns about nursing shortages; her experiences as associate director at University of Minnesota Hospital; the push for a doctoral program in the School of Nursing; the emergence of Diagnosis-Related Groups; issues around nursing unions; the emergence of HIV-AIDS; abortion services at University Hospital; and the effects of budget constraints on the creation of new programs. In relation to her work at the Center for Bioethics (the Center for Biomedical Ethics at its inception in 1985), Dr. Bartels covers the following topics: the creation and funding of the Center; Dr. Paul Quie’s leadership; the responsibilities and functions of the Center; the placement of the Center in the AHC rather than the Medical School; major bioethical issues the Center faced; her own leadership within the Center; Art Caplan as director of the Center; Jeffrey Kahn as director of the Center; her doctoral research; and ethical issues in genetics and genetic counseling. She concludes with a reflection on the expansion of the Center for Bioethics.
Interview with Donna Aker Dehn
(University of Minnesota, 2013-08-07) Klaffke, Lauren E.; Dehn, Donna Aker
Mrs. Donna Aker Dehn begins her interview by briefly describing where she was born and raised and her early education. She then describes her move to the University of Minnesota, teaching in the Dental Hygiene program, and what the Dental School was like in the 1950s and 1960s. Mrs. Dehn continues her interview with a discussion of the following topics: manpower shortages in dentistry and dental hygiene; continuing education programs; changes in professional skills and responsibilities among dental assistants, dental hygienists, and dentists; gender issues in dentistry; curriculum changes and the class tracking system; and the creation of a bachelor’s degree program in dental hygiene. She then reflects on larger topics related to dental hygiene and the University’s program, including: changes in the state law regarding dental hygiene; her time in private practice; grants she pursued for the program; relations between Dental Hygiene and the Chemistry Department; retrenchment; her work with the legislature; Helen Tuckner’s leadership style; fears that arose with water fluoridation; the emergence of team dentistry; work with the School of Public Health; Dr. Oliver’s tenure as dean; her work in initiating the Minnesota Dental Hygiene Educators Association; human relations programs in dentistry; and student behavior in the dental school. She concludes by discussing relations within the Academic Health Center and with the basic sciences.
Interview with Eli Coleman
(University of Minnesota, 2012-07-09) Vitulli, Eli; Coleman, Eli
Dr. Eli Coleman begins his interview by describing his early life, his education, and his move to the University of Minnesota and the Program in Human Sexuality (PHS). He reflects on his first years in the program, its transition into Family Medicine, Dr. Ed Ciracy’s impact on the PHS, and the Sexuality Attitude Reassessment seminar. He also discusses the following: the role of churches and seminaries in the PHS; the PHS curriculum and teaching; Don Hoag and Sharon Satterfield as directors of PHS; PHS contributions to HIV-AIDS behavioral research; funding issues; politics surrounding the PHS; John Kelly’s work as director; and Dr. William Jacott’s leadership of the Department of Family Medicine. Dr. Coleman the reviews his own time as head of the PHS, including the economic problems the Program faced. He describes the development of and changes to the sex offender treatment program, disability work in the PHS, and the Program’s work on transgender issues and his work on the Gender Committee. He concludes with the relationship between the World Professional Association for Transgender Health and the PHS.
Interview with Ellis Benson
(University of Minnesota, 2009-12-01) Tobbell, Dominique A.; Benson, Ellis
Ellis Benson starts with his background, including growing up in China (his parents were missionaries), why he went into medicine and academic medicine, and his educational history. He discusses his residency in pathology at the UMN, his internal medicine residency at the VA Hospital, joining the Department of Laboratory Medicine, his work while he was in charge of the blood bank, his work as director of Clinical Laboratories, and his work as head of Pathology. He offers reflections on cardiac surgeons Richard Varco and Walter Lillehei and how they dealt with the Lab and the Blood Bank, as well as working with the Department of Surgery and surgeons more generally. He discusses the appointment of Robert Howard as dean of the College of Medical Sciences in 1959 and Howard’s deanship, the Vice President of the Health Sciences search and the appointment of Lyle French. He also discusses Franz Halberg, and David Brown. He discusses his work on protein chemistry and going to the Carlsberg Laboratory in Copenhagen, the UMN’s Clinical Laboratory providing community services to anyone in Minnesota, the Medical Technology program, why technologists tended to be women, and specialization in medicine. He describes the founding of the Academy of Clinical Laboratory Physicians and Scientists, the creation of the Department of Laboratory Medicine at the UMN in 1959, space issues in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the merger of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and the relationships between the clinical and basic science departments within the Medical School. He discusses the attempt to establish a second medical school in St. Paul, relations between the Medical School and other UMN health science schools in the 1960s and 1970s, faculty attitudes toward the 4 reorganization in 1970, the impact of the introduction of Medicaid and Medicare, the attempt to create a School of Allied Health Sciences in the late 1960s and early 1970s, relations between the Medical School and the Mayo Clinic, and relations with the University Hospitals.

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