Browsing by Author "Zhirong, Zhao"
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Item Funding China's Urban Infrastructure: Revenue Structure and Financing Approaches(Center for Transportation Studies, 2011-05) Zhirong, Zhao; Chengxin, CaoWith the rapid increase in the need for urban infrastructure, the issue of infrastructure funding has become more and more essential. This paper focuses on the following three issues: first, it clarifies the trend and regional pattern of infrastructure funding. Second, this paper further discusses funding mechanisms from the perspective of government and market. Third, this paper will evaluate current trend and pattern based on the five theoretical dimensions. Concerning the trends of infrastructure funding, the growth of market financing is faster than fiscal revenue; therefore, the importance of fiscal revenue has decreased. Regionally, the east has the highest reliance on fiscal revenue, which is largely due to its high land transfer fee. Municipality has the highest proportion of market financing. From the perspective of government and market, the importance of government-leading mode has decreased, while UDIC-leading and private sector involvement play a more and more essential role.Item Value Increase and Value Capture: The Case of TH-610 in Maple Grove, Minnesota(Minnesota Department of Transportation, 2014-01) Zhirong, ZhaoAs a natural extension of University of Minnesota value capture study in 2009, this project demonstrates the application of value-capture strategies to supplement transportation funding for the completion of TH-610 in Maple Grove, Minnesota. Using spatial and regression analysis, we estimate that the completion of TH-610, with two additional exits, would lead to a significant growth in assessed property value, including about $12 million in land value and $5 million in buildings. The growth would result in about $4.3 million in property tax capacity, and about $1 million in annual property tax revenue. With multiple scenarios of hypothetical value-capture designs, we estimate the revenue potential of value capture would range from about $12 million to about $37 million, which could be used to supplement project finance to expedite the completion of TH-610.