Browsing by Author "Snider, Tim"

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    Risk assessment of feed ingredients of porcine origin as vehicles for transmission of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV)
    (2015) Sampedro, Fernando; Snider, Tim; Bueno, Irene; Bergeron, Justin; Urriola, Pedro E; Davies, Peter R
    The objective of this project was to assess the likelihood that feed ingredients of porcine origin may function as vehicles of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDV) transmission via feed. The scope of the assessment included rendered ingredients, ingredients derived through spray drying porcine blood, and ingredients derived by hydrolyzing porcine tissues. For any feed ingredient, the risk of the release of infective PEDV is a function of: (1) the concentration of PEDV in the raw materials; (2) the virus survival after ingredient processing (3) the survival of virus during post-processing storage and distribution; and 4) the likelihood of post-processing contamination incorporating PEDV into the finished ingredient. No data on PEDV contamination of raw materials were available for the rendering and hydrolyzed protein sources. Estimates of PEDV contamination of liquid plasma were available from industry, based on PCR testing of ingredients over time, and were used in quantitative modeling. The assessments made in this project were constrained by a paucity of specific data on several aspects that are germane to the risk of PEDV transmission in feed ingredients of porcine origin. Available data on thermal inactivation of PEDV indicate that risk of virus surviving the processes of rendering and hydrolysis (peptone production) are negligible. The time and temperature profiles used in spray-drying are much less severe, and therefore, the possibility of virus survival is inherently greater if non-thermal mechanisms are ignored. Overall, currently available data indicate that probability of PEDV surviving the spray-drying process and current commercial storage periods is extremely small. In the course of the project, several data gaps were identified that contributed to the uncertainty. Risk assessment is an iterative process and the findings of this report may be revised in the future if new knowledge becomes available.
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    Risk prioritization of pork supply movements during an FMD outbreak in the US - Data and Materials
    (2016-08-22) Patterson, Gilbert R; Hofelich Mohr, Alicia; Snider, Tim; Lindsay, Thomas A; Davies, Peter; Goldsmith, Tim; Sampedro, Fernando; patte606@umn.edu; Patterson, Gilbert R
    In the event of a Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in the U.S., local, state, and federal authorities will implement a foreign animal disease emergency response plan restricting the pork supply chain movements and likely disrupting the continuity of the swine industry business. To minimize disruptions of the food supply while providing an effective response in an outbreak, it is necessary to ensure eradication strategies and risk management efforts are focused towards the most critical movements; those that are most necessary for business continuity and most likely to contribute to disease spread. This study recruited experts from production, harvest, retail, and allied pork industries to assess 30 common pork supply movements for their industry criticality. Movements spanned five categories: equipment, live animal production, genetics, harvest, and people. Experts were recruited via email to the American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV) mailing list and their assessments were collected via an online survey. For each of the thirty movements, experts were asked to rate the risk of FMD spread using a four-point scale, from no or slight risk of disease spread to high risk of disease spread. Then they were asked to estimate the time at which the restriction of each movement during an outbreak would have a significant negative consequence on business (e.g., high likelihood of bankruptcy, negative impact on animal welfare). These two facets of each movement were analyzed to provide an initial guide for prioritization of risk management efforts and resources to be better prepared in the event of a FMD outbreak in the US.