Browsing by Author "Raab, Raymond L"

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    An Efficiency Analysis of Minnesota Counties: A Data Envelopment Analysis Using 1993 IMPLAN Input-output Analysis
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1996-12) Raab, Raymond L; Lichty, Richard W
    Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a multi-input, multi-output optimization model used to measure relative efficiency or the best practice counties. The IMPLAN input-output 1993 database and software estimates gross output, final demand, and final payments categories at the county level. The IMP LAN data contains estimates of four forms of final payments. Transfer payments are added as inputs but are taken from a separate source. IMPLAN also includes four forms of final demand as outputs. These inputs and outputs form a production frontier of "best practice" counties. Deviations below the frontier will be used to measure the degree of county inefficiencies based upon minimizing the use of inputs and maximizing the sale of outputs. Measurement of relative county efficiencies allow comparison between urban core counties, suburban transitional counties and rural periphery counties. County comparisons of returns to scale verify the existing body of land rent theories. Agglomeration economies measured by DEA efficiency scores and returns to scale measured by DEA frontier intercepts imply that location and urbanization economies are largest in urban core counties and that their effects diminish as distance from the core increases.
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    Assessing Forest Industry Trends in Northeast Minnesota: The TAM Model
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1988) Lichty, Richard W; Raab, Raymond L
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    Causality and the Concentration Profits Controversy
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1986) Raab, Raymond L; Wong, Shee Q
    Interindustry, cross-sectional studies of concentration and profitability assume, according to the market power doctrine, that concentration is an exogeneous variable, though this notion has been questioned at different times by a number of industrial organization economists. This study uses a time series approach to test the correctness of the conventional notion that market share determines profitability of an individual firm. Sims' causality tests were performed for three separate firms and the interrelationships over time between the firm's market share and rate of return were estimated (i.e., do changes in a firm's market share occur prior to changes in the firm's rate of return or do changes in the firm's rate of return occur prior to changes in a firm's market share). Two of the three firms examined failed to exhibit the unidirectional causality assumed by the conventional structure-performance paradigm. These results suggest that the cross-section, interindustry approach often uses industries as cases, which are aggregated from firms wherein the direction of causality of the profitability variable cannot be assumed.
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    Consistent Forecasting for Major State Industrial Sectors: The Case of Mineral Development in Minnesota during the 1980's
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1981) Raab, Raymond L; Lichty, Richard W
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    Consistent Forecasting for Major State Industrial Sectors: The Case of the Paper Industry in Minnesota during the 1980's
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1981) Lichty, Richard W; Raab, Raymond L; Doty, Patrick K
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    A Current Survey of the Development and Application of Data Envelopment Analysis and a Comparison to Stochastic Approaches
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1993-05) Haag, Stephen E; Raab, Raymond L
    Data Envelopment Analysis has been used widely for determining relative technical efficiencies in operations research and management science areas. Its acceptance and subsequent application by economists has, for the most part, been foregone in favor of stochastic techniques that estimate production and cost functions. In this paper, we explain and example the use of Data Envelopment Analysis and explore its conceptual and practical differences with regressions methodologies.
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    Data Envelopment Analysis As a Test of Economic Consequences of a Regulation: The Case of OSHA Cotton Dust Regulation
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1994-06) Feroz, Ehsan H; Haag, Stephen E; Raab, Raymond L
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    Declining Enrollments, Scale of Operation and Primary School Costs
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1979) Raab, Raymond L; Lichty, Richard W
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    Declining Enrollments, Scale of Operation and Primary School Costs
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1980) Raab, Raymond L; Lichty, Richard W
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    Do Mergers Improve Managerial Performance? A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1998) Feroz, Ehsan H; Kim, Sungsoo; Levin, Ilene; Raab, Raymond L
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    Dominant Firm Market Share and Economic Performance
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1980) Raab, Raymond L
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    Economic Consequences of OSHA Cotton Dust Regulation: An Income Efficiency Model Approach
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1995) Feroz, Ehsan H; Haag, Stephen E; Raab, Raymond L
    This paper used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to test the economic consequences of the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) cotton dust standards by comparing the relative efficiency of firms affected by cotton dust in SIC 2200 and 2300 for the years before and after the Supreme Court upheld the regulation in 1981. Accounting-based inputs of common equity, total assets and production costs were minimized, while total revenue was maximized. Using available Compustat firms, and controlling for the effects of imports for consumption providing for asymmetric cost disadvantages to United States firms, we found that the surviving firms had become more efficient during the postregulatory period as predicted. Apparently, these firms were able to accommodate the dust standard, reduce costs and improve the operating efficiency of tnese firms simultaneously. The results also indicate the usefulness of DEA as an alternative method of testing the economic consequences of a regulation.
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    The Economic Value of Water Recreation in Minnesota
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1990-04) Steinnes, Donald N; Raab, Raymond L
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    Economics of Scale in the North American Iron Ore (Taconite) Industry
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1991-06) Raab, Raymond L; Steinnes, Donald N
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    The Economics of Smelting as a Recreational Activity
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1979) Raab, Raymond L; Steinnes, Donald N
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    An Efficiency Analysis of Minnesota Counties: A Data Envelopment Analysis Using 1993 IMPLAN Input-output Analysis
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1996-12) Raab, Raymond L; Lichty, Richard W
    Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a multi-input, multi-output optimization model used to measure relative efficiency or the best practice counties. The IMPLAN input-output 1993 database and software estimates gross output, final demand, and final payments categories at the county level. The IMPLAN data contains estimates of four forms of final payments. Transfer payments are added as inputs but are taken from a separate source. IMPLAN also includes four forms of final demand as outputs. These inputs and outputs form a production frontier of "best practice" counties. Deviations below the frontier will be used to measure the degree of county inefficiencies based upon minimizing the use of inputs and maximizing the sale of outputs. Measurement of relative county efficiencies allow comparison between urban core counties, suburban transitional counties and rural periphery counties. County comparisons of returns to scale verify the existing body of land rent theories. Agglomeration economies measured by DEA efficiency scores and returns to scale measured by DEA frontier intercepts imply that location and urbanization economies are largest in urban core counties and that their effects diminish as distance from the core increases.
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    Efficiency of 25 National Universities: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to Higher Education
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1992-10) Breu, Theodore M; Haag, Stephen E; Raab, Raymond L
    Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to measure the relative efficiency of 25 national universities. The results indicate how DEA may be used to measure relative efficiency of these higher education institutions from commonly available "performance indicators." In addition to conventional comparative-static sensitivity analysis of inefficient universities, the effects of simultaneous perturbations to all components are examined. The sensitivity of efficient universities to perturbations which would cause the universities to become relatively inefficient is also analyzed. This methodology makes full use of the newest developments in the DEA field.
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    The Efficiency of the High Technology Economy: Conventional Development Indexes Versus a Programming Approach to Development Indexes
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 2002-10) Raab, Raymond L; Kotamraju, Pradeep
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    Fisheries Management and Economic Development in Belize: A Suggested Data Base for Fisheries Management Issues
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 1983) Raab, Raymond L; Adams, John E
    The following paper is the result of consultations with the Fisheries Ministry and a household survey done in Belize in 1980. The paper is separated into four sections with the first section being an introduction to Belize and Belizean fish markets. The second section examines the determinants of per capita fish consumption in the three major coastal cities proximate to the Belizean barrier reef. Important demand related factors such as the identification of the community, its racial composition, and its class (income) composition affect the amounts of fish consumption in Belize. Efforts to market fish and marine products must recognize these differences. The third section matches ranks in preferences (obtained from household survey) to ranks in production (reported to the Fisheries Ministry by the fishing cooperatives). Large positive differences between production rank and preference rank indicate difficulty in marketing such species. Likewise large negative differences between production rank and preference rank indicate which species are highly desirable and at least, potentially, marketable. The fourth section uses the household survey to establish the relationship between fish quality as they affect rank. The results indicated that smell and color (before cooking) and convenience in eating (after cooking) are the most important factors determining an individual fish's overall, quality rank. Other factors such as mild taste or firmness had little effect in explaining ranks. This part of the survey indicated the importance of fish appearance factors in the successful marketing of fishery products. The fifth section discusses that information which would be of minimal cost to collect and yet most useful for making fishery management and successful marketing decisions in developing countries.
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    A Generalized Linear Programming Approach to International Production Efficiency Rankings
    (Bureau of Business and Economic Research, 2000) Raab, Raymond L; Feroz, Ehsan H
    Productivity studies generally compare the Solow residuals for the more developed countries such as the OECD countries.1 In this paper we follow up on the frontier estimation approach of Fare, Grosskopf, Norris and Zhang (1994) to 17 OECD countries, and develop a generalized efficiency index for a much larger set of 57 countries both developed and underdeveloped by employing measures of per capita gross national product and resource availability indicators compiled by the World Bank and other international institutions. Using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based linear programming approach, we maximize the components of per capita GDP subject to minimizing specific resource intensity measures. Because DEA provides a units invariant comparison of relative efficiency, this programming approach yields a ranking of the most robustly efficient to the most robustly inefficient countries. As expected the more developed countries tend to be more robustly efficient, but intriguing contrasts between developed and less developed nations exist. We believe that the analytical tools developed in this paper have significant implications for meaningful comparison of cross-national data both at the inter governmental and non- governmental (NGO) level. Used with appropriate precautions, the DEA based analytical procedure developed here can be used by trans-national organizations including MNCs in allocation of scarce resources in the public and private sectors.