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Browsing by Author "Peterson, Colleen"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    The Decision To Speed In the United States – A Mixed Methods Study
    (2020-06) Peterson, Colleen
    Speeding remains a major and consistent cause of U.S. roadway fatalities. The current research used a mixed methods approach to build a more comprehensive understanding of which U.S. drivers decide to speed and why to inform novel speeding interventions. Data came from an online survey of a diverse group of drivers (N=309) from across the U.S. The survey collected information on participant demographics, driving history, behaviors, and related attitudes in the form of both open- and close-ended questions. The first manuscript identified qualitative themes from narratives explaining how and why participant speeding behaviors changed with age. Results show U.S. drivers often make deliberate choices to speed and do not consider speeding to be dangerous after achieving perceived driving mastery, but they tend to speed less due to family responsibility and prioritizing safety. The second manuscript featured latent class analysis resulting in four driver typologies representing: Externally Motivated Reactors, Non-Reactors, the Perceived Invulnerable, and the Perceived Vulnerable. Externally Motivated Reactors and Non-Reactors class members had the highest probability of extreme speeding, while Perceived Vulnerable class members endorsed a host of less risky driving responses. The third manuscript identified quantitative and qualitative commonalities and differences between minor, moderate, and extreme speeders. Speeders were most differentiated quantitatively by proportion of high risk and sensation-seeking personalities and qualitatively by the permanence and extent of speed reductions after crashes, speeding tickets, or driving with passengers. For all speeder types, considering oneself a good driver or not at-fault for a crash reduced intention to change speeding behaviors. These mixed methods results holistically describe a spectrum of U.S. drivers, their perceptions, attitudes, and contexts that lead to different speeding behaviors, and how these change with age. Findings show that effective means of encouraging U.S. drivers not to speed may be multi-pronged interventions encompassing environmental, social, and cognitive reframing approaches. Anti-speeding campaigns should target high sensation seekers, emphasize the safety of all roadway users, explain the connection between speed and safety, underscoring how speeding reduces driver control. Broad-based use of safe systems road design and expanded law enforcement strategies are also recommended.
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    Identifying and Reconciling Stakeholder Perspectives in Deploying Automated Speed Enforcement
    (Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, 2017-05) Peterson, Colleen; Douma, Frank; Morris, Nichole L.
    Speeding is a public-health crisis, making up approximately a third of roadway deaths each year in the United States. One countermeasure with clearly documented efficacy to reduce speed is automated speed enforcement (ASE). Public acceptance of ASE, however, has been marginal with many drivers calling into question its need and legality. This project used surveys and interviews to better understand public rejection of ASE and to strategically provide individualized information to determine whether opinions can be shifted toward a more favorable view of ASE. Statistically significant movement on ASE opinion was achieved after respondents engaged with a tailored survey addressing their particular ASE concerns. Those who changed their opinion were more engaged (e.g., considered the opposite of their current stance more fully) and were persuaded by evidence of safety benefits resulting from reduced speeds and effective speed reduction with ASE deployment.
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    Minnesota Crash Records Audit
    (Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, 2020-08) Morris, Nichole L.; Libby, David A.; Peterson, Colleen; Ryan, Andrew; Sheppard, McKenzie
    In 2016, Minnesota deployed a state-of-the-art electronic crash reporting system to all law enforcement officers across the state. The updated crash report was created with the officer in mind through an extensive usability and design project led by HumanFIRST. Preliminary testing of the new system suggested high user satisfaction but could not determine the extent of the crash data improvement. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to conduct a series of qualitative analyses of the crash data records collected by the legacy crash reporting system and the new MNCrash reporting system. The first analysis compared 360 serious injury and fatal crash reports from 2015 and 2016 and found a year-to-year decrease in mismatching data but a slight increase in missing data. However, overall, the MNCrash system increased the number of data queries, so data access was increased in 2016. The second analysis of serious and fatal injury crashes compared 996 reports sampled from 2015 and 1,572 reports sampled from 2016. The analysis showed a decrease in missing data and a decrease in erroneous data entry in 2016. Finally, the converted 2015 legacy data was analyzed to reveal few errors in the MNCrash conversion process.