Browsing by Author "Mills, Marguerite"
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Item 2010 Minneapolis Area Black Population & Racial Covenants(2020) Mills, Marguerite; Mapping Prejudice Project; Mapping Prejudice ProjectThis map shows concentrations of Black populations in the Minneapolis area as of the 2010 census alongside historically racially restricted properties. The African-American population data is displayed at the block level.Item Freeways Minneapolis Black Population(2020) Mills, Marguerite; Mapping Prejudice ProjectThis map shows the location of historic Black communities in Minneapolis based on the enumeration districts used in the 1940 federal census. Contemporary freeways and interstates are shown in red.Item Hennepin County Racially Restrictive Covenants(2020) Mills, Marguerite; Mapping Prejudice ProjectThis map shows the location of historically racially restricted properties in Hennepin County. Racially restrictive covenants were legal tools inserted into property deeds that barred people of color from owning, renting, or even occupying the property. In Hennepin County, this practice began in 1910 and continued through the 1950s.Item Minneapolis Black Population 1910(2020) Mills, Marguerite; Mapping Prejudice ProjectThe location of Black residents in Minneapolis based on the enumeration districts used in the 1910 federal census.Item Minneapolis Black Population 1920(2020) Mills, Marguerite; Mapping Prejudice ProjectThe location of Black residents in Minneapolis based on the enumeration districts used in the 1920 federal census.Item Minneapolis Black Population 1930(2020) Mills, Marguerite; Mapping Prejudice ProjectThe location of Black residents in Minneapolis based on the enumeration districts used in the 1930 federal census.Item Minneapolis Black Population 1940(2020) Mills, Marguerite; Mapping Prejudice ProjectThe location of Black residents in Minneapolis based on the enumeration districts used in the 1940 federal census.Item Racial Covenants in Hennepin County(2020-11-25) Ehrman-Solberg, Kevin; Petersen, Penny; Mills, Marguerite; Delegard, Kirsten; Mattke, Ryan; mapprejudice@umn.edu; Corey, Michael; University of Minnesota Mapping Prejudice ProjectThis data was compiled by the Mapping Prejudice Project and shows the location of racial covenants recorded in Hennepin County between 1910 and 1955. Racial covenants were legal clauses embedded in property records that restricted ownership and occupancy of land parcels based on race. These covenants dramatically reshaped the demographic landscape of Hennepin County in the first half of the twentieth century. In 1948, the United States Supreme Court ruled racial covenants to be legally unenforceable in the Shelly v. Kraemer decision. Racial covenants continued to be inserted into property records, however, prompting the Minnesota state legislature to outlaw the recording of new racial covenants in 1953. The same legislative body made covenants illegal in 1962. The practice was formally ended nationally with the passage of the Fair Housing Act in 1968.