Browsing by Author "McIntire, Kurtis D."
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Item Assessment and Recommendations for Operation of Standard Sumps as Best Management Practices for Stormwater Treatment (Volume 2)(Minnesota Department of Transportation, 2012-05) McIntire, Kurtis D.; Howard, Adam; Mohseni, Omid; Gulliver, John S.In order to improve the performance of standard sumps as a best management practice (BMP) in treating stormwater runoff, a baffle was designed to be installed as a retrofit in standard sumps. The retrofit is a porous baffle called "SAFL Baffle". The effect of the SAFL Baffle on the performance of the standard sumps was assessed by conducting laboratory tests on small scale as well as full scale straight flow-through standard sumps equipped with the baffle. In addition, a number of tests were conducted to determine the performance of standard sumps with the SAFL Baffle when the baffle is clogged with debris like trash and vegetation. Furthermore, the performance of two other configurations of the baffle was studied: (1) the SAFL Baffle in a sump with an outlet pipe 90 degrees to the inlet pipe, and (2) the SAFL Baffle in a sump with some water entering the sump through an overhead inlet grate. Standard sumps equipped with the SAFL Baffle were evaluated using two metrics: (1) How well the system captures sediment during low flow conditions (Removal Efficiency Testing), and (2) how well the system retains the previously captured sediment during high flow conditions (Washout Testing). The results of the tests showed that the SAFL Baffle dissipates the energy of water entering the sump and as a result, at low flow rates, it captures sediment better than a standard sump with no baffle. More importantly, at high flow rates, the washout of the previously captured sediment reduces to near zero.Item Assessment and Recommendations for the Operation of Standard Sumps as Best Management Practices for Stormwater Treatment (Volume 2)(Minnesota Department of Transportation, 2012-05) McIntire, Kurtis D.; Howard, Adam; Mohseni, Omid; Gulliver, John S.In order to improve the performance of standard sumps as a best management practice (BMP) in treating stormwater runoff, a baffle was designed to be installed as a retrofit in standard sumps. The retrofit is a porous baffle called “SAFL Baffle”. The effect of the SAFL Baffle on the performance of standard sumps was assessed by conducting laboratory tests on small scale as well as full scale straight flow-through standard sumps equipped with the baffle. In addition, a number of tests were conducted to determine the performance of standard sumps with the SAFL Baffle when the baffle is clogged with debris like trash and vegetation. Furthermore, the performance of two other configurations of the baffle was studied: (1) the SAFL Baffle in a sump with an outlet pipe 90 degrees to the inlet pipe, and (2) the SAFL Baffle in a sump with some water entering the sump through an overhead inlet grate. Standard sumps equipped with the SAFL Baffle were evaluated using two metrics: (1) How well the system captures sediment during low flow conditions (Removal Efficiency Testing), and (2) how well the system retains the previously captured sediment during high flow conditions (Washout Testing). The results of the tests showed that the SAFL Baffle dissipates the energy of water entering the sump and as a result, at low flow rates, it captures sediment better than a standard sump with no baffle. More importantly, at high flow rates, the washout of the previously captured sediment reduces to near zero.Item Hydrodynamic Separator Sediment Retention Testing(St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, 2010-03) Saddoris, David A.; McIntire, Kurtis D.; Mohseni, Omid; Gulliver, John S.Hydrodynamic separators are widely used in urban areas for removal of suspended sediments and floatables from stormwater due to limited land availability for the installation of above ground stormwater best management practices (BMPs). Hydrodynamic separators are often sized based on some relatively frequent storm events. However, during less frequent storm events, device design treatment rates are exceeded and previously captured sediments can be washed out of the device.Item Stormwater treatment with the SAFL Baffle: debris and non-standard sump testing(2012-11) McIntire, Kurtis D.The SAFL Baffle is a stormwater treatment device created at the University of Minnesota's St. Anthony Falls Laboratory. Previous research by Howard et al. 2011 showed that when the SAFL Baffle is retrofitted into a sump manhole, it improves the ability of the sump to collect sediment at low flow rates and retain captured sediment at high flow rates. The purpose of this research was to know how a SAFL Baffle performs when: 1. Clogged with debris like trash and vegetation 2. Installed in a sump manhole with an outlet pipe 90 degrees to the inlet pipe 3. Installed in a sump manhole with water entering through an inlet grate and inlet pipe Tests were performed at the St. Anthony Falls Laboratory on a 6-ft (1.8 m) diameter by 6-ft (1.8 m) deep sump, a 6-ft (1.8 m) diameter by 3-ft (0.9 m) deep sump, a 1-ft (0.3 m) diameter by 1-ft (0.3 m) deep scale model sump, and a 1-ft (0.3 m) diameter by 0.5-ft (0.15 m) deep scale model sump. All of the sumps were equipped with the SAFL Baffle, and were evaluated using two metrics: 1. How well the system captures sediment at low flow rates (Removal Efficiency Testing) 2. How well the system retains the previously captured sediment at high flow rates (Washout Testing) When a SAFL Baffle was clogged with stormwater debris, water traveled underneath of the SAFL Baffle. If the sump was deep, performance of the sump equipped with a SAFL Baffle did not change significantly. However, if the sump was shallow, significant washout was exhibited in the sump. This washout problem in shallow sumps was mitigated when a SAFL Baffle with hole diameters equal to 5-in (12.7 cm) was installed in the sump. Sumps with outlet pipes located 90 degrees to the inlet pipe exhibited significant washout of previously captured sediment during high flow rates. With a SAFL Baffle installed at an angle between 90-120 degrees of the inlet pipe, washout sharply decreased. At low flow rates, a SAFL Baffle installed at a 113 degree angle with respect to the inlet pipe captured more sediment than a SAFL Baffle installed in a standard, straight flow-through sump. In the sump equipped with a SAFL Baffle that received water from an inlet pipe and an inlet grate from above, washout rates were highest when the flow rate from the inlet pipe was less than the flow rate from the inlet grate. Similarly, the ability of the device to capture sediment decreased when the flow rate from the inlet pipe was less than three times greater than the flow rate from the inlet grate. Through extensive testing, it was determined that the standard sumps equipped with the SAFL Baffle should be used downstream of stormwater sewers such that the drainage basin of the inlet pipe is at least three times the drainage basin of the inlet grate. Under this condition, the flow from an inlet grate from above does not impact the performance of the sump equipped with a SAFL Baffle.