Browsing by Author "Lively, R.S."

Now showing 1 - 20 of 39
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    Aeromagnetic map of Minnesota, north-central region--Baudette quadrangle, total magnetic intensity anomaly
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 1998) Chandler, V.W.; Lively, R.S.
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    Aeromagnetic map of Minnesota, north-central region--Blackduck quadrangle, total magnetic intensity anomaly
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 1998) Chandler, V.W.; Lively, R.S.
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    Aeromagnetic map of Minnesota, north-central region--Fosston quadrangle, total magnetic intensity anomaly
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 1998) Chandler, V.W.; Lively, R.S.
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    Aeromagnetic map of Minnesota, north-central region--Grygla quadrangle, total magnetic intensity anomaly
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 1998) Chandler, V.W.; Lively, R.S.
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    Aeromagnetic map of Minnesota, north-central region--Roseau quadrangle, total magnetic intensity anomaly
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 1998) Chandler, V.W.; Lively, R.S.
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    GRAVITY AND AEROMAGNETIC DATA GRIDS OF MINNESOTA
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 2004) Chandler, V.W.; Lively, R.S.; Wahl, T.E.
    These data represent over 40 years of gravity surveying in the state of Minnesota. This release is the first significant revision of the Minnesota gravity database since the compilation by Chandler and Schaap (1991), that the reader is referred to for information on the older data. Since that compilation, approximately 2000 stations have been added from data used to support a variety of projects for the Minnesota Geological Survey (MGS). Additionally, archival data not available for the earlier compilation are now included.
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    Gravity and magnetic grids for the Duluth Complex of northeastern Minnesota and adjacent areas
    (University of Minnesota, 2000) Chandler, V.W.; Lively, R.S.
    In response to the recent increase in exploration activity in the Duluth Complex, the Minnesota Geological Survey (MGS) has released its preliminary gravity and magnetic grids for the Duluth Complex of northeastern Minnesota and adjacent areas. Besides MGS data, the grids incorporate data produced by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Geophysical Data Center, and the Geological Survey of Canada. The grids are being used as part of a ongoing study funded by the Minnesota Legislature through the Minnesota Minerals Coordinating Committee. Users are warned that the grids are subject to minor revision.
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    Information Circular 36. Radium in the Mt. Simon-Hinckley Aquifer, East-Central and Southeastern Minnesota
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 1992) Lively, R.S.; Jameson, Roy; Alexander, E. Calvin, Jr.; Morey, G.B.
    Studies conducted in the 1960s showed that radium was a fairly common constituent in ground water throughout much of the Midwest. Concentrations of 226Ra ranging from 1 to 80 pCi/L (picoCuries per liter) were found in northern illinois, Iowa, and eastern Wisconsin (Rowland and others, 1977). The high radium values were associated with water from deep sandstone aquifers of Cambro-Ordovician age, but not with aquifers above or below. Additional studies and reports of radium in the Cambro-Ordovician aquifers by Gilkeson and Cowart (1982, 1987), Hahn (1984), and Weaver and Bahr (1991) further delineated distribution patterns and have suggested sources for the observed concentrations. Radium is a naturally occurring radioactive element, formed by radioactive decay of uranium and thorium. The most abundant radium isotope, 226Ra, has a half-life of 1600 years and is part of the 238U decay series. Two other isotopes, 228Ra (half-life = 5.76 years) and 224Ra (half-life = 3.7 days), are part of the 232Th decay series. In 1976, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency published regulations that established contaminant levels for radioactivity and radioactive nuclides in public water systems. The maximum contaminant level (MCL) for gross alpha activity was not to exceed 15 pCi/L and the combined 226Ra and 228Ra activity in the water was not to exceed 5 pCi/L (Federal Register, 1976). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is reviewing the contaminant levels for radioactive nuclides in drinking water. Testing of public water supplies by the Minnesota Department of Health showed that many communities in the southern half of Minnesota were not in compliance with the drinking water standards for radium. Sampling of some municipal wells indicated that high radium levels were chiefly associated with water from the Mt. Simon-Hinckley aquifer, a sandstone aquifer of Late Cambrian/Middle Proterozoic age. A few wells in the Jordan Sandstone of Late Cambrian age also showed elevated radium levels. Because these data were obtained from municipal wells in communities with known radium problems, it was difficult to detect a pattern or to isolate specific radium-producing horizons within the aquifer(s). Therefore, the Minnesota Geological Survey sampled water from sole-source Mt. Simon-Hinckley wells to identify the distribution of radium within the regional geologic framework. Base-level data were also acquired on other radionuclides, the age of the water, and the water chemistry. Sole-source Mt. Simon-Hinckley wells were selected for sampling based on existing water-well information, and included wells previously monitored by the Minnesota Department of Health. The study area extended north to south from the town of Hinckley to the Root River basin, and west to east from the Mankato area to the Mississippi River. Complete coverage could not be obtained because of a lack of sole-source Mt. Simon-Hinckley wells in the south-central part of the aquifer. Several Jordan aquifer wells were also selected for sampling. The data accumulated in this study provide a starting point for selecting mitigation strategies or for choosing appropriate sites for future wells.
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    Information Circular 41. Geochemical Investigation of Minor and Trace Elements in the Acid-Insoluble Residues of Lower Paleozoic Carbonate and Related Strata, Southeastern Minnesota-The Data Base
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 1994) Morey, G.B.; Lively, R.S.; Mossler, John H.; Hauck, S.A.
    The Upper Mississippi Valley mining district in Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois is one of several world-class lead-zinc mineral districts in developed Paleozoic strata of the northern Midcontinent. Although Mississippi Valley-type deposits vary considerably from district to district, they are defined as being predominantly sphalerite-galena replacement and vein deposits-including vug and breccia fillings-in carbonate host rocks. In general, they are restricted to certain formations; as such they are peneconformable but clearly crosscutting. Therefore, Mississippi Valley-type mineral deposits are epigenetic and stratabound, but not stratiform. Minor occurrences of base-metal sulfides also are present in calcareous and, to a lesser extent, in shaly and sandy rocks in a broad zone surrounding the main Upper Mississippi Valley lead-zinc district. These outlying occurrences are of special interest because similarities in form, distinctive mineral paragenesis, and sulfur and lead isotope systematics imply that they were cogenetic with mineralization in the main district. The outlying occurrences may represent remnants of fluid pathways associated with mineralization in the main district. To evaluate the extent of mineralization in southeastern Minnesota, we initiated a geochemical study that focused on the minor-and trace-element content of insoluble residues in carbonate rocks, using samples from drill holes and operating quarries throughout southeastern Minnesota (Fig. 2; Tables 4-52 in appendix). Regional geochemical studies of this kind have revealed, even in rocks that appear to be barren of sulfide ores, a suite of metals characteristic of Mississippi Valley-type mineral deposits. In particular, this suite includes Pb, Zn, As, Cu, Ni, Ca, Ag, and Mo. Geochemical analysis of insoluble residues from Paleozoic carbonate rocks has become an integral part of the assessment of mineral resources in the northern Midcontinent (Erickson and others, 1981, 1983; Mosier and Motooka, 1983; Viets and others, 1983). Insoluble residues are the materials remaining after calcium carbonate has been dissolved in a aqueous solution of 5:1 hydrochloric acid. Measurements of the minor-and trace- element composition of the residues provide a rapid, yet sensitive means of identifying regional ground-water flow patterns of metal-bearing brines. The method also appears to have some applicability in identifying previously unrecognized areas with Mississippi Valley-type lead- zinc deposits and, by extension, providing clues to possible locations of mineral deposits in southeastern Minnesota.
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    Information Circular 43. Background Levels of Mercury and Arsenic in Paleoproterozoic Rocks of the Mesabi Iron Range, Northern Minnesota
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 1999) Morey, G.B.; Lively, R.S.
    This study was primarily designed to calculate background levels of mercury and arsenic in the Biwabik Iron Formation of the Mesabi range. A second objective was to evaluate the ability of various laboratories to provide analytical data for mercury and arsenic that is reasonably priced yet sufficiently reliable for the purpose of environmental screening. Mercury and arsenic where present in sufficient concentrations are considered to be hazardous substances. They may be naturally occurring, of anthropogenic origin, or some combination thereof. To establish natural background levels and to reduce the possibility of anthropogenic sources, 191 samples of the Biwabik Iron Formation were collected from drill-core sites located south of the Mesabi range (Fig. 1). Ten samples of the overlying Virginia Formation were also analyzed for comparison. Four of the selected sites were jointly drilled by the Minnesota Geological Survey and the Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Board (IRRRB) in 1966 and 1967; principal facts for these holes are summarized in Pfleider and others (1968). The fifth site, U.S. Steel 17,700 was drilled sometime in the 1950s, and the core was donated to the Minnesota Geological Survey in the late 1960s; principal facts for it are summarized in Morey and others (1972).
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    Information Circular 45. Utility of Elemental Geochemical Data in Correlation and provenance Studies of Pleistocene Materials: A Case Study in Stearns county, Central Minnesota
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 2000) Morey, G.B.; Lively, R.S.; Meyer, Gary N.
    Geochemical attributes, especially minor, trace, and rare-earth elements, are commonly used to characterize various kinds of sedimentary rocks and to elucidate their provenance. Similar techniques have been applied to glacial materials with varying degrees of success. In Minnesota, for example, Martin and others (1989, 1991) concluded that few if any geochemical elements were useful for correlating tills across large areas. In contrast, Gowan (1998), in a study of six till units from central Minnesota, concluded that geochemical attributes were useful in delineating stratigraphic units and their provenance. Results of a similar study in southwestern Minnesota (Patterson and others, 1995) were inconclusive. The geochemical studies undertaken to date in Minnesota have utilized the silt and clay-size fraction as a sample medium and Atomic Adsorption spectrometry or Inductively Coupled Plasma emission spectrometry as the principal analytical technique. Unfortunately, both techniques require that the sample medium be dissolved prior to analysis, which can limit the value of the resulting data. For example, relative to the composition of the sample matrix and the particulates, certain minerals and elements may be selectively leached or incompletely dissolved, or spectral signals from some concentrated elements may interfere with weaker signals from less abundant elements. Such problems are best addressed by the use of replicates and standards developed from materials similar to those being analyzed. To our knowledge, sets of material standards that could be used to calibrate the various analytical methods have not been developed for Pleistocene sediments in Minnesota. In this study we avoided problems associated with partial dissolution and interference by using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) techniques (XRAL Activation Services Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan). We analyzed 123 subsurface samples from five drill sites in Stearns County, east-central Minnesota, for 32 elements. The results in this report are not directly comparable with those of Martin and others (1988), Gowan (1998), and Patterson and others (1995), because they were obtained on whole-rock samples from which only clasts of pebble or larger size had been removed. Nonetheless, the data provide insight into the utility of geochemical techniques to investigate provenance and transport patterns of glacial materials. The complete file of analytical data is summarized in the Appendix.
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    M-058 Ground-water geochemical atlas for parts of east-central Minnesota
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 1985) Lively, R.S.; Morey, G.B.
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    M-083 Aerial gamma radiation in Minnesota and adjacent areas of North Dakota and South Dakota
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 1996) Lively, R.S.; Morey, G.B.
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