Browsing by Author "Hoerning, Cody"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Analysis Of Crop-Competition, Weeds, And Heterodera Glycines In Winter Annual Oilseed Rotation(2019-02) Hoerning, CodyMidwest crop production is dominated by two summer annual crops grown in rotation, corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The rotation leaves a productivity gap during the spring and autumn. Winter oilseed crops, such as pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.), and winter camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz], can fill this gap and provide ecosystem and economic benefits. The objectives of this study were to: i) examine the tradeoffs between soybean and winter oilseed yields in the relay-cropping system, ii) determine legacy impacts on corn one year after oilseed-soybean relay-cropping, iii) evaluate the weed suppression abilities of the winter oilseeds. iv) evaluate the host susceptibility of the winter oilseeds to SCN in the greenhouse, and v) evaluate pennycress germplasm collection for major resistance genes to SCN. Three sites were used across Minnesota to evaluate winter oilseeds and commodity crop yields in a relay-cropping production system. Total seed production of the system (winter oilseed crop + soybean) was increased by 20% at one site, while at the other two sites, there was no significant difference in total yield when compared to mono-cropped soybean. Soybean yield was reduced at two-of-three sites by the inclusion of winter oilseeds by 20% and 47%. Soybean yield was unaffected by inclusion of winter oilseeds at the third site. Corn yield, in the subsequent year, was unaffected by the winter oilseed treatments. Weeds were suppressed by the winter oilseeds crops. The pennycress treatment reduced weed biomass by 97% to 100%. Likewise, the camelina treatment reduced weed biomass by 85% to 87%. The inclusion of winter oilseeds in the corn-soybean cropping system can increase overall seed production and suppress early-season weeds. Through greenhouse evaluation it was determined that pennycress is an alternate host for soybean cyst nematode; while camelina is a poor or non-host. Including pennycress as a winter annual cover crop in rotations with soybean has the potential to increase SCN pest pressure. Genetic screens for SCN resistance found variation in the population. Lines tested ranged in Female Index values from 27-143. Indicating diversity in the germplasm that may be able to be exploited for resistance development. The inclusion of winter oilseeds in the corn-soybean cropping system can increase productivity and decrease weed populations, but also may increase pest pressure of SCN in the cropping system.Item Evaluation of soybean cyst nematode development on the winter oilseeds pennycress and camelina(2022-05) Hoerning, CodySoybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is the most damaging pathogen in soybean Glycine max (L.) production within the Midwest region of the US. SCN causes $1.24-1.69 billion USD in yield loss annually in this region. Management practices such as using resistant cultivars, rotation with non-host crops, and seed treatments can effectively control SCN population density. Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) and camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] are being developed as winter oilseed crops that can be implemented in corn-soybean cropping rotations to serve the function of cover crops. Pennycress and camelina can increase yields of Midwest cropping rotations and provide the ecosystem services of cover crops. Pennycress has been reported as an alternative host to SCN. Camelina is classified as a poor or non-host and has been implicated as a potential trap crop as it has been shown to reduce SCN population density in naturally-infested soil. These experiments aimed to i.) examine the impacts of pennycress and camelina crops on SCN population under field conditions, ii.) examine hatch, infection, and development of SCN in pennycress and camelina, and iii.) and screen for SCN resistance in pennycress accessions. Experiments were completed in the field, microplot, and controlled-environment settings. The multi-location field experiment did not detect an effect of including pennycress or camelina on SCN population density in an oilseed-corn-soybean rotation. New females were observed in the spring and early summer on pennycress root samples in microplots, but females were not observed in the autumn. When the SCN life cycle was examined, egg hatch was affected by pennycress root exudates but not by camelina root exudates. Both winter-annual oilseeds had evidence of juvenile penetration into the roots, and the number of juveniles observed infecting roots was not different between the pennycress and camelina treatments. However, after 35 days of continued development, pennycress produced more adult females than camelina. Camelina samples had near-zero averages of adult female recovery. Eggs produced on pennycress roots were collected and reinoculated, and new females were recovered from pennycress and soybean roots following the reinoculation. This result demonstrates that SCN can complete a life cycle and reproduce on pennycress roots. The SCN screening of pennycress accessions did not reveal any accessions exhibiting a major resistance phenotype. However, some accessions were classified as moderately resistant when compared to the susceptible soybean ‘Williams 82.’ The susceptible soybean variety ‘Williams 82’ was used for comparison because it is used as the standard check for soybean resistance screening and classification. Overall, new female development can occur on pennycress in a controlled environment setting, but field experiments failed to show a detectable effect of pennycress on SCN population density.Item Winter oilseed pollinators in IA and MN in 2017 and 2018(2020-07-10) Forcella, Frank; Patel, Swetabh; Lenssen, Andrew W; Hoerning, Cody; Wells, M Scott; Gesch, Russ W; Berti, Marisol T; mswells@umn.edu; Wells, M Scotty; UMN CAP Study TeamData include observations of insect pollinators visiting flowers of two winter oilseed crops (field pennycress and winter camelina) at three sites during the flowering seasons of 2017 and 2018. Two sites were in Minnesota and one site in Iowa each year. The value of these data are that they document an important agroecosystem service provided by the two novel winter oilseed crops. The purpose of saving the data files in the Digital Conservancy is to abide by new journal requirements that call for universal access to data used in professional qualifications.