Browsing by Author "Hills, David L."
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Item Aspects of Water Resources Law in Minnesota(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1969-06) Haik, Raymond A.; Hills, David L.; Walton, William C.Item Codified and Uncodified State Laws and Municipal Ordinances Bearing on Water and Related Land Resources in Minnesota(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1968-12) Hills, David L.; Walton, William C.Item Interest Groups with Water and Related Land Resources Programs in Minnesota, 1971(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1972-02) Hills, David L.; Walton, William C.In 1971, there were at least 49 Interest groups in Minnesota with major Water and related land resources programs, 4 Leagues and Associations with minor water and related land resources programs, at least 80 organizations that tend to have a continuing interest in water and related land resources issues, and at least 150 National organizations concerned with water and related land resources programs which have or could have members in the State. The Minnesota Senate 1971 registration files for lobbyists listed 1lO lobbyists in the field of water and related land resources; the House files listed 138 lobbyists. Personnel of State agencies were among these lobbyists. Of the 53 Interest groups (49 Interests groups and 4 Leagues and Associations mentioned above), 40 were conservation-preservation oriented, 8 had the word environmental in their name, and 5 were development and management oriented. Taking into consideration multiple memberships, it is estimated that approximately 25,000 citizens in Minnesota were members of the 53 Interest groups in 1971. Membership in individual Interest groups ranged from 13 to 12,000. Expenditures in 1971 for water and related land resources programs of the 53 Interest groups probably totaled in excess of $250,000. Annual expenditures by individual Interest groups ranged from $100 to in excess of $35,000. These figures do not include the thousands of hours of volunteer time by members. The sources of income were dues, contributions, donations and grants. The affairs of 45 of the 53 Interest groups were under the direction of Officers; 8 Interest groups had Boards; and 14 Interest groups had staffs. It is estimated that the number of water and related land resources Interest groups increased from about 16 in 1950 to 25 in 1960 to 33 in 1965 to 53 in 1971. Some of the Interest groups with large numbers of members and expenditures in 1971 were: Minnesota Environmental Control Citizens Association, Minnesota Public Interest Research Group, Minnesota Conservation Federation, Minnesota Association of Commerce and Industry, and Sierra Club.Item International, Regional, Federal-State, Interstate and Federal Organizations with Water and Related Land Resources Programs in Minnesota, 1971(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1971-09) Walton, William C.; Hills, David L.This Bulletin is concerned with the inventory of international, regional, interstate, Federal-State, and Federal organizations with activities pertaining to the water and related land resources of Minnesota as of May 1971. There are 5 International, 5 regional, 3 interstate, and 4 Federal-State organizations with programs in the State. Federal responsibilities in water and related land resources planning, development and management in Minnesota are divided among 30 units in 8 executive departments and agencies; 6 independent agencies; 6 units in the executive office of the president; 9 other boards, committees, councils and commissions; and 1 quasi official agency. 1n fiscal Year 1970, Federal Outlays for water and related land resources activities in the State totaled about $75 million or 2.3 percent of total Federal outlays in Minnesota of about $3.3 billion. There were about 1,300 Federal employees residing in Minnesota in fiscal year 1970 with assignments pertaining to water and related land resources.Item Recharge from Induced Streambed Infiltration Under Varying Groundwater-Level and Stream-Stage Conditions(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1967-06) Grundeen, Gordon M.; Hills, David L.; Walton, William C.Recharge from induced streambed infiltration can be estimated with data on streambed infiltration rates, surface-water temperatures, groundwater levels, and stream stages. However, estimates of recharge are not valid unless the following factors are considered: the rate of leakage through a streambed increases in direct proportion to declines in the water table until water levels have receded to stages below streambed; after the water table recedes below the streambed, the rate of leakage remains constant and at a maximum value, provided the stream stage and temperature do not change. Incorrect water-table declines and incorrect potential yields of well fields will be computed if it assumed that the induced streambed infiltration continuously increases in direct proportion to the drawdown beneath the streambed regardless of the stage of the water table. An aquifer-stream system for which hydrogeologic data are available was studied using electric analog computers and analytical methods to gain insight into the magnitude of recharge by induced stream infiltration under complex stream-stage and groundwater level conditions. The profound influence of changes in stream stage or recharge from induced streambed infiltration is illustrated by the results of the analytical studies. The results of the electric analog computer studies demonstrate that much greater drawdowns are computed for an aquifer-stream system when maximum infiltration conditions are taken into account than when maximum infiltration conditions are ignored. The electric analog computers consist of low impedence analog models and excitation-response apparatus. The analog models are regular arrays of resistors, capacitors, transistors, and diodes and are scaled-down versions of the aquifer-stream system. The excitation-response apparatus consists of two power supplies, a waveform generator, a pulse generator, tow power amplifiers, and an oscilloscope. Analog model streambed elements were designed with resistors, transistors, and diodes to correctly simulate leakage through the steambed under maximum infiltration conditions. Streambeds must be simulated in mathematical and analog models in such a way that: 1)leakage of water through a streambed is directly proportional to the drawdown beneath the streambed until the water table declines below the streambed, thereafter, induced streambed infiltration remains constant provided the stream stage and temperature remains stationary: and 2) provided the water table remains below the streambed, leakage of water through a streambed is directly proportional to the average depth of water in the stream and varies with stream-stage changes and changes in the surface-water temperature.Item RI-06 Ground-Water Contribution to Streamflow and Its Relation to Basin Characteristics in Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 1967) Ackroyd, Earl A.; Walton, William C.; Hills, David L.Estimates of annual ground-water contribution to streamflow in 38 drainage basins of Minnesota by use of standard streamflow hydrograph separation methods permit determination of relations between ground-water runoff and such basin characteristics as geologic environment, precipitation and temperature, and percentage of lake and wetland cover. Generalized conclusions derived from analysis of the data are that ground-water runoff is (1) least from glaciated basins that have surficial lake bed sediments or gray-drift ground moraine immediately underlain by relatively impermeable bedrock and (2) greatest from glaciated basins that have surficial depos its immediately underlain by permeable bedrock or that have thick surficial loess deposits immediately underlain by permeable bedrock. Ground-water runoff is much greater from glaciated basins having red drift than from basins having gray drift. The rate of ground-water increases as annual precipitation increases. Lakes and wetlands sustain and regulate streamflow during rainless periods; if they were absent sustained streamflow from northern parts of the state would be greatly reduced. Recharge to aquifers in the state is difficult to ascertain. Because many aquifers are deeply buried by glacial materials of varying characteristics, not all ground-water runoff can be diverted into cones of depression, for there is some lateral as well as vertical movement of water in surficial deposits. Data on ground-water runoff can be useful in estimating the rate of recharge to aquifers and in evaluating the potential yields of ground-water reservoirs. However, no simple re- 1ation exists between ground-water runoff and ground-water recharge or the potential yields of aquifers. Studies of basin characteristics were handicapped because of a lack of detailed geologic information. Collection and study of data intended to describe the dimensions and water -yielding properties of unconsolidated deposits in the basins of the state are urgently needed to support hydrologic studies involving ground-water development and management decisions.Item Water and Related Land Resources State Administration, Legislative Process and Policies in Minnesota, 1970(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1971-01) Hills, David L.; Walton, William C.