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Browsing by Author "Hansel, M.J."

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    Maximum Application Rates for Land Treatment of Septage
    (Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1983-05) Anderson, James L.; Clanton, C.J.; Hansel, M.J.; Machmeier, R.E.
    During 1980, septage was applied in rates of 1120 and 1500 kg of nitrogen per hectare to three different soil textures in an attempt to determine maximum loading rates. These rates resulted in increased concentrations of nitrates in the soil water for a Hubbard loamy Sanci, Waukegan silt loam and Lester clay loam, indicating that the application rates exceeded the maximum rate that the soils could treat. The first year's results indicate that soil type, application rates and soil depth resulted in no significant difference in total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia, fecal streptococcus and fecal coliforms in the soil water samples. Nitrate concentrations, however, were significantly different between the soils, application rates and soil depths. For the Hubbard loamy sand, rainfall had a larger effect on nitrate concentrations and movement within the soil profile than for the Waukegan silt loam or Lester clay 1oam. 0n the Waukegan silt loam and Lester clay loam there was relatively little change in the nitrate concentration in the soil profile during the period when septage was applied twice a week. After the design loading had been applied to the soil and no further applications made, a sharp increase in nitrate concentrations was observed in the soil profile. This probably resulted from changing the anaerobic surface layer to an aerobic condition resulting in nitrification and subsequent movement of nitrates through the profile following a rainfall event. With no additional septage application, the second year's data indicate a significant difference in nitrate-N between soils, application rates, and depths. Generally, the nitrate concentrations in the Hubbard loamy sand and Waukegan silt loam were less than the first year, but the concentrations in the Lester clay loam were higher than the first year. This indicates that nitrification and nitrate movement in the Lester clay loam are slower than the other two soils. Application resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of soil water calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium during the first year of the study. However, there was no increase in the phosphorus content of the soil water.