Browsing by Author "Gravel, Dominique"
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Item Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity and saprotrophic fungal diversity are linked to different tree community attributes in a field‐based tree experiment(Wiley, 2016) Nguyen, Nhu H; Williams, Laura J; Vincent, John B; Stefanski, Artur; Cavender‐Bares, Jeannine; Messier, Christian; Paquette, Alain; Gravel, Dominique; Reich, Peter B; Kennedy, Peter GExploring the link between above- and belowground biodiversity has been a major theme of recent ecological research, due in large part to the increasingly well-recognized role that soil microorganisms play in driving plant community processes. In this study, we utilized a field-based tree experiment in Minnesota, USA, to assess the effect of changes in plant species richness and phylogenetic diversity on the richness and composition of both ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungal communities. We found that ectomycorrhizal fungal species richness was significantly positively influenced by increasing plant phylogenetic diversity, while saprotrophic fungal species richness was significantly affected by plant leaf nitrogen content, specific root length and standing biomass. The increasing ectomycorrhizal fungal richness associated with increasing plant phylogenetic diversity was driven by the combined presence of ectomycorrhizal fungal specialists in plots with both gymnosperm and angiosperm hosts. Although the species composition of both the ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungal communities changed significantly in response to changes in plant species composition, the effect was much greater for ectomycorrhizal fungi. In addition, ectomycorrhizal but not saprotrophic fungal species composition was significantly influenced by both plant phylum (angiosperm, gymnosperm, both) and origin (Europe, America, both). The phylum effect was caused by differences in ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition, while the origin effect was attributable to differences in community heterogeneity. Taken together, this study emphasizes that plant-associated effects on soil fungal communities are largely guild-specific and provides a mechanistic basis for the positive link between plant phylogenetic diversity and ectomycorrhizal fungal richness.Item Fine-root biomass from Cloquet and Auclair IDENT sites(2022-03-14) Schuster, Michael J.; Williams, Laura J; Stefanski, Artur; Bermudez, Raimundo; Messier, Christian; Belluau, Michaël; Paquette, Alain; Gravel, Dominique; Reich, Peter B; schuster@umn.edu; Schuster, Michael JMean fine-root biomass data gathered from the IDENT experiments in Cloquet, MN and Auclair, Quebec.Item Functional identity is the main driver of diversity effects in young tree communities(Wiley, 2016) Tobner, Cornelia M; Paquette, Alain; Gravel, Dominique; Reich, Peter B; Williams, Laura J; Messier, ChristianTwo main effects are proposed to explain biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships: niche complementarity and selection effects. Both can be functionally defined using the functional diversity (FD) and functional identity (FI) of the community respectively. Herein, we present results from the first tree diversity experiment that separated the effect of selection from that of complementarity by varying community composition in high-density plots along a gradient of FD, independent of species richness and testing for the effects of FD and community weighted means of traits (a proxy for FI) on stem biomass increment (a proxy for productivity). After 4 years of growth, most mixtures did not differ in productivity from the averages of their respective monocultures, but some did overyield significantly. Those positive diversity effects resulted mostly from selection effects, primarily driven by fast-growing deciduous species and associated traits. Net diversity effect did not increase with time over 4 years.