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Browsing by Author "Grabau, Zane Joseph"

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    Management strategies for control of soybean cyst nematode and their effect on the nematode community
    (2013-06) Grabau, Zane Joseph
    Soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is the major yield-limiting pathogen on soybean and various plant-parasitic nematodes can damage corn. Additionally, the nematode community is a useful bioindicator for soil health. In chapter 1, relevant research is reviewed. Chapter 2 describes experiments testing ten organic soil amendments at various rates for SCN control in the greenhouse. Some amendments-particularly canola meal, pennycress seed powder and condensed distiller's solubles-effectively reduced SCN populations at 40 days after planting soybeans. By 70 days after planting, SCN control by amendments was diminished. Additionally, phytotoxicity was a concern, particularly at 40 days after planting. Based on these experiments, organic soil amendments have value for SCN management, but more work is needed to optimize amendment efficacy particularly at the field scale. Chapter 3 describes the impact of tillage, granular nematicide (aldicarb or terbufos), synthetic fertilizers (NPKS combinations), and organic fertilizer (swine manure) on plant-parasitic nematodes, the nematode community, and plant yield as assessed in a corn-soybean cropping system. H. glycines, Helicotylenchus spp, Xiphinema spp, and Pratylenchus spp were the major plant-parasitic nematodes present at the sites. Tillage had only minor impacts on populations of major plant-parasitic nematode genera. While aldicarb reduced H. glycines and Helicotylenchus populations, albeit inconsistently, terbufos did not affect major plant-parasitic nematode populations. Nematicides increased soybean and corn yields under some conditions suggesting plant-parasitic nematodes impacted corn and soybean, although this impact was inconsistent. Tillage, fertilizer, and nematicide impacts on the nematode community were often site- and season-specific. Manure application compellingly shifted the nematode community to one of increased enrichment and decreased community structure. The inorganic fertilizers had minimal impact on the nematode community. Conventional tillage decreased nematode community structure based on some measures, but increased bacterivore and fungivore population densities. In contrast, aldicarb nematicide decreased bacterivore and fungivore population densities. Effects of terbufos nematicide on nematode populations and community composition were inconsistent.