Browsing by Author "Dong, Hei-Ki"

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    Chance baselines for INDSCAL's goodness-of-fit index
    (1985) Dong, Hei-Ki
    For purposes of evaluating INDSCAL’s goodness-of-fit index (R₁), random data were generated for various combinations of N (the number of individuals), ranging from 3 to 30, and n (the number of stimuli), ranging from 10 to 40. Results from INDSCAL analyses of random data were then used to provide an easy-to-use equation for estimating the expected value of R₁ as a function N, n, and r (the number of dimensions). The equation was highly successful in predicting expected values of R₁ for random data, as indicated by a multiple correlation of .9965.
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    Non-Gramian and singular matrices in maximum likelihood factor analysis
    (1985) Dong, Hei-Ki
    In some cases, a correlation matrix may be singular because of the multicollinearity in data, and it may become non-Gramian because of computational inaccuracies. In such cases, popular methods of factor extraction, such as maximum likelihood factor analysis, image factor analysis, and canonical factor analysis, cannot be used because of computational difficulties. This article provides a simple heuristic procedure for converting such a matrix into a proper matrix, so that maximum likelihood factor analysis may be performed.