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Browsing by Author "Chapman, John"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Final report and simulation program for "Monitoring Methods for Prioritization and Assessment of Stormwater Practices"
    (2022) Furuta, Daniel; Wilson, Bruce; Chapman, John; University of Minnesota Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering
    This project developed a framework for simulating stormwater sampling and for evaluating the performance of monitoring methods for runoff pollution. This submission contains the final report and a self-contained program practitioners can use to compare sampling methods, along with source code for the simulation program.
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    Sediment Control Log Performance, Design, and Decision Matrix for Field Applications
    (Minnesota Department of Transportation, 2019-05) Chapman, John; Wilson, Bruce; Holmberg, Kerry; Deering, Emily
    Significant time and money are currently being expended in the purchase and installation of sediment control logs. These logs often fail because of poorly understood performance limits and improper installation. This project investigated the performance limits by determining the flow and sediment removal characteristics of different types of logs. The physical characteristics and flow rates per project area were evaluated with twelve different logs. The densities and flow rate of materials in these logs varied between 0.035 gm/cm3 and 1508 ft /min for wood fiber to 0.269 gm/cm3 and 208 ft/min for compost. Flow rates were predicted using a power function of density with fair accuracy (r2=0.64) and predicted with good accuracy using saturated conductivity (r2=0.87) or capillary moisture content (r2=0.81). A sediment flume was constructed and used to evaluate sediment removal and failure rates. One log with three replicates of each type of material was tested. There was a positive, power function relationship between percent finer and mean log capture (r2 = 0.91). Field information was collected and used in conjunction with hydraulic and sediment data to develop selection guidelines for sediment control logs. Educational materials were prepared for workshops.
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    Selection of vegetation and flexible vegetal drag coefficients for erosion control in lacustrine wave environments
    (2014-06) Chapman, John
    The restoration of plant communities in littoral zones often fails. Because littoral habitats around the world often are subject to changing water regimes and potentially changing future climates, a better understanding of species competitive interactions under such conditions is needed for restoration plant selection. To represent shoreline plant communities, we grew eight freshwater species used in shoreline restoration projects in Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA, in outdoor basins and manipulated water levels to determine the effect on above ground biomass. Biomass production of some species in the competing environment was related to the proximity to water or inundation depth and frequency. Sparganium eurycarpum and Bolboschoenus fluviatilis dominated the total biomass in all water manipulations. These findings allow for better design of plant community composition and better vegetative erosion control under a variety of water conditions. This thesis also investigates the ability of plants to reduce waves and flow, through a comparison of parameters that characterize vegetation flexibility effects on flow resistance and drag. Drag forces measured in a flume for simple cylindrical obstructions of the same shape and size but with different flexibility under several flow conditions. A novel formulation is developed where the drag coefficient is evaluated as a function of the relative velocity and the elastic modulus of the obstruction. Current methods for estimating energy dissipation require plant specific parameters that are difficult to estimate for the large variety of plant morphologies used in shoreline protection, requiring testing on each species of interest. The method developed herein directly measures hydrodynamic forces on individual plant shoots using a torque sensor mounted beneath the bed of a flume. The data collected also suggests that more flexible objects result in less drag force on each element and suggests that frequency response is related to the frequencies existing in the driving wave and the natural frequency of the obstruction element, although harmonic synchronization appears to occur in some cases, doubling the expected drag force magnitude. A case study is also included as an example of how the findings presented here can be applied to a shoreline erosion control evaluation. The case study is an inland lake in northern Minnesota currently having erosion soil losses. Data from this research is used to develop a vegetation scenario that is predicted to limit the erosion.
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    Stormwater Research Roadmap for Minnesota
    Bilotta, John P.; Chapman, John; Baker, Lawrence; Missaghi, Shahram; Fairbairn, David; jbilotta@umn.edu; Bilotta, John; Water Resources Center; Department of Bioproducts and Bioengineering; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; Minnesota Extension; Minnesota Sea Grant
    The goal of the Stormwater Research Roadmap is to articulate major research needs to improve stormwater management in Minnesota. Multiple sources and approaches were used to identify stormwater research needs for Minnesota, including a review of relevant stormwater-related documents, and state-wide survey of stormwater managers, focus groups, and policy actor interviews. The Stormwater Research Roadmap for Minnesota identifies eight major areas that need additional research to improve stormwater management for communities, professionals, and agencies. Specific examples are included for each. Research in these areas can lead to more innovative management techniques and increased effectiveness and efficiency to prevent, minimize, and mitigate the effects of runoff from the built environment. The Roadmap also presents criteria to rank research needs. Data for the Roadmap was collected from 2017-2018 and was published in 2018.