Browsing by Author "Buchman, Daniel"

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Aspen Strip-Thinning Research Project: Expanded Report
(University of Minnesota, Duluth, 1991-10) Berguson, William E; Buchman, Daniel
Aspen Strip-Thinning Research Project: Summary Report
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 1991-01) Berguson, William E; Buchman, Daniel
Concern has been expressed by timber land managers, forest products industry representatives and the public, regarding the potential of Minnesota's aspen lands to supply sufficient raw material to meet anticipated demand. One way to address these concerns is to increase growth rates of natural aspen stands. Thinning has been shown to increase aspen productivity. Past research on manually-thinned aspen stands has demonstrated that reducing stand density by removing a portion of trees can accelerate growth rates of trees that are ultimately harvested. The goal of this project is to provide a cost-effective means to increase aspen supplies for the future. Thinning stands by hand is expected to be too expensive to justify widespread use. This research investigated the potential to increase growth rates of aspen stands through mechanical strip-thinning.
Comparison of hybrid poplar wood breakeven prices as affected by current and improved genetics
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2021-05) Lazarus, William F; Nelson, Neil D; Jackson, Jeffrey; Berguson, William E; McMahon, Bernard G; Buchman, Daniel; Cai, Meijun
The impact of improved genetics from the University of Minnesota Duluth Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI) hybrid poplar breeding program on breakeven hybrid poplar wood prices is discussed in this paper. After a review of previous economic analyses, the breakeven prices are presented that would cover costs other than land rent. Then, factors are provided for adjusting the price to reflect the land rental rate for a given location. The breakeven prices are presented both as stumpage and delivered to a mill. Breakeven delivered prices include the stumpage values plus conventional harvest and transportation costs to a hypothetical processing plant. Breakeven land rental rates are also provided at which poplar production would be profitable at recent aspen stumpage prices. The impact of improved genetics from the University of Minnesota Duluth Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI) hybrid poplar breeding program on breakeven hybrid poplar wood prices is discussed in this paper. After a review of previous economic analyses, the breakeven prices are presented that would cover costs other than land rent. Then, factors are provided for adjusting the price to reflect the land rental rate for a given location. The breakeven prices are presented both as stumpage and delivered to a mill. Breakeven delivered prices include the stumpage values plus conventional harvest and transportation costs to a hypothetical processing plant. Breakeven land rental rates are also provided at which poplar production would be profitable at recent aspen stumpage prices. The analysis is based on a scenario where a biorefinery/bioproducts company owns and/or leases the land, controls the harvest and transportation of the wood, and delivers the wood to their own mill. The evaluation is based on two hybrid poplar annual growth increments: 3.6 dry tons and 5.4 dry tons per acre per year with a 9-, 10-, or 12-year rotation. 3.6 dry tons per acre per year is yield potential with current genotypes. 5.4 tons per acre per year is yield potential with new Gen 1.0 elite clones from our breeding. Stumpage prices without land cost included are lower than aspen stumpage prices for both unimproved and improved clones. Other things being equal, the improved genetics could be capitalized into a $36.37-per-acre increase in the financially permissible rental rate. Carbon credit markets could further improve returns on hybrid poplar plantations.
Considerations in the Management of Young Red Pine Stands: Implications to Growth, Yield and Economics
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2017-06-27) Berguson, William E; Buchman, Daniel
There are a variety of ways to manage red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) ranging from intensive management of fully-stocked stands for the primary purpose of timber production to less intensive approaches aimed at increasing landscape diversity and wildlife habitat. A long history of field research in the Lake States exists with studies beginning in the early 1930s and continuing to the present time. The purpose of this document is to highlight the implications to management during the early years of the rotation building upon existing knowledge developed by the USDA Forest Service and the University of Minnesota and provide additional information based on results of recent studies on stand productivity and mechanical thinning in younger stands in Minnesota done at the University of Minnesota-Duluth, Natural Resources Research Institute. In addition to biological effects, information is provided to estimate site productivity, the expected age at first thinning and the effect of thinning method on harvest economics at first-thinning. While most of the research highlighted in this document is based on study sites in Minnesota, we expect that this information is applicable to other areas in the northcentral region of the United States. This document is organized in a sequential order following stages of stand development. This is done to highlight those points in time when decisions need to be made and to highlight effects of those decisions on stand production and timing of thinning operations. Also, our analyses rely heavily on the RP 2005 growth and management model developed by Buckman et.al. (2006) to show the effect of various management options on stand growth and the reader is encouraged to use this tool to understand various management options in red pine. This model can be downloaded at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/9031. In addition to the several management guides and other literature, the reader is encouraged to read the document by Buckman et.al. (2006) to gain a more thorough understanding of the interrelationships among stand density, early rotation management, growth rate and thinning options. The RP 2005 model attempts to bring these interrelationships together in a mathematical framework and, as such, is a powerful tool in understanding the growth and management of red pine at all ages.
Grower's Guide for Hybrid Poplar Plantations for Biomass Production
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2020-05) Buchman, Daniel; Jackson, Jeffrey; Berguson, William E; McMahon, Bernard G; Nelson, Neil D; DuPlissis, John; Host, George E
The goal of this Grower’s Guide is to provide practical advice for the establishment and maintenance of hybrid poplar plantations, plantings of trees in rows managed like an agronomic crop to produce fiber and biomass. Hybrid poplar are planted on several continents in a wide variety of applications: examples, in addition to biomass/wood production, include windbreaks, shelterbelts, phytoremediation, mine reclamation, and wastewater treatment. Advice for the establishment of hybrid poplar in these applications should come from other sources, as this guide is focused on growing hybrid poplar in plantation settings. Plantations could be owned by a private landowner or a corporation. Short-rotation woody crops (SRWC) show promise to fill specific niches in the world’s developing bioeconomy. These crops, such as eastern cottonwood, hybrid poplar, and hybrid willow, are receiving increasing interest as plantation crops to provide biomass for renewable energy such as combustion for combined heat and power – CHP, biofuels, bio-based chemicals, and bioproducts. Hybrid poplars have also been grown to produce wood for pulp and paper and oriented strand board (OSB) as well as veneer for plywood manufacturing. The selection of hybrid poplar, cottonwood, or willow depends on the region is which they will be grown and the end use.
Intellectual Property in the NRRI Hybrid Poplar Program – Inventory, Commercialization Plan, and Progress Report
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2021-02) Nelson, Neil D; Berguson, William E; McMahon, Bernard G; Jackson, Jeffrey; Buchman, Daniel; DuPlissis, John; White, Timothy W
Intellectual property in the NRRI hybrid poplar program was analyzed, and elite clones were prioritized for plant patent applications to the USPTO. Clones were selected in two hybrid categories, Populus deltoides x Populus nigra (D x N, DN) and Populus deltoides x Populus deltoides (D x D, DD). Positive traits attributed to these clones include fast and stable growth, broad adaptability (geo-robustness), disease resistance, good rooting ability, good vigor in stoolbeds (cutting orchards), and good performance in phytoremediation applications. Six Generation 1.0 improved clones were selected for possible patenting, four DN and two DD, out of 13,000 1st generation genotypes tested, a selection intensity of 0.0005 (0.05 %). Market size is discussed, a patent strategy is formulated, and a commercialization action plan and timeline compiled. We are working with University of Minnesota Technology Commercialization (TC) on a patenting and licensing evaluation. One improved DN clone has been selected for initial commercialization, a one-page marketing flyer on the clone has been designed, and selected private and public nurseries are being offered free cuttings of the selected clone for propagation testing as a prelude to potential licensing.
Inter-Tree Competition Effects in Hybrid Poplar Genotype Testing
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2022-02) Nelson, Neil D; Buchman, Daniel; Cai, Meijun; McMahon, Bernard G; Berguson, William E
The effects of inter-tree competition on growth in family field trials (FFT), clone trials (CT) and yield blocks (YB) were studied in NRRI experimental field plots in Minnesota, USA. FFT and CT competition is inter-clonal , YB competition is intra-clonal. Two approaches were explored: (1) regression analysis of growth of individual trees versus growth of immediate neighboring trees in FFT and CT; (2) bole volume growth as measured by DBH2 in CT versus YB for the same clones on each site to determine whether inter- clonal competition in CT overestimates tree growth in YB. In CT on five sites planted the same year with the same population of clones (“simultaneous CT”), significant negative slopes, indicating the onset of inter-tree competition, occurred in the fifth and sixth years for the two fastest-growing CT. The top 50th growth percentile clone group in the fastest-growing of the simultaneous CT had a significant negative regression line slope; the lower 50th group did not. The three slower growing CT did not exhibit competition (significant negative slopes) from three through six years. A separate clone trial measured through 9 years showed little evidence of inter-tree competition. The regression slopes in FFT were almost all positive, indicating no inter-tree competition effects from three through ten years of stand age. All significant regression R2 values were low–a maximum of 24 % for CT, 22 % for FFT. Clonal genetic potential for growth likely predominates prior to significant inter-clonal competition, suggesting that randomization of single-tree replications of each clone within each block is effective in evaluating clone genetic growth potential within the initial six years selection window that we have used in our program. There was no significant difference between CT and YB for tree bole volume growth (yield) in a population of clones. There was wide variation in the YB/CT yield ratios between individual clones on a site. Some individual clones exhibited wide variation in YB/CT ratios between different sites, indicating a clone x site interaction for this trait. The commercial clone NM6, used as a check clone in most of our studies, had the widest variation of any clone in YB/CT ratios between sites, ranging from 53 % to 104 %. Of the 22 YB/CT yield ratios for specific clones on 14 sites, only four were above 100 %, indicating a clear trend for CT overestimating yields in YB. The average of the 22 YB/CT ratios was 86 %, again indicating overestimation of YB yield in the CT. The YB/CT ratio for NM6 averaged 79 %, while five elite (fast growing, disease resistant) clones averaged a YB/CT yield ratio of 89 % over the 14 sites. CT/YB yield ratios are too variable to use CT growth as an estimate of growth for specific clones under near commercial conditions (YB).
Testing of a Microbial Amendment in Municipal Solid Waste Composting: Final Report
(University of Minnesota, Duluth, 1992-08) Berguson, William E; Buchman, Daniel

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