Browsing by Author "Billing, Lauren"

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    The Efficacy of Affective Behavioral Strategies for Increasing Physical Activity: Implications for Harnessing the Dual-Mode Model
    (2017-06) Billing, Lauren
    Approximately 20.8% of U.S. adults participate in the recommended levels of physical activity (PA) despite the health benefits. Researchers have begun to examine the importance of affect for adopting and maintaining PA. However, few studies have examined how strategies aimed at facilitating positive PA-related affect can influence PA adherence. The current prospective, randomized controlled intervention trial examined the efficacy of a 12-week affective intervention focused on enhancing PA-related affect relative to a behavioral comparison. Participants included healthy low-active adults (n = 40). PA, PA-related affect, and several psychosocial variables were assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 16 weeks. Participants in the affective intervention demonstrated increases in objectively measured PA at 12 weeks relative to the behavioral comparison after controlling for baseline ƒ(1,28)=14.764, p < .005. However, there were no between group differences on self-reported PA at 12 or 16 weeks. After controlling for baseline, participants in the affective intervention reported increases in positive Pre-PA affect ƒ(1,26)=5.485, p < .05, and reported marginal increases in affect during PA ƒ(1,26)=3.037, p = .094, relative to the behavioral comparison. Additionally, participants in the affective intervention reported marginal increases in PA enjoyment relative to the behavioral comparison at 16 weeks ƒ(1,32)=3.68, p = .064. These findings provide initial evidence that teaching low-active individuals strategies to increase positive PA-related affect before and during PA is efficacious for increasing PA. Future studies with larger samples, and real-time assessment strategies are needed to further understand the efficacy of PA-related affect interventions.
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    Pre-performance routines among club volleyball players: the relationship between routines and Accuracy in serving
    (2014-05) Billing, Lauren
    Pre-performance routines (PPR) have been shown to enhance athletes' abilities to concentrate on the skill at hand, control arousal levels, and improve performance. Current research on PPRs has examined a small variety of sports, most notably basketball and golf, in the context of closed skill execution. Furthermore, a majority of studies have examined PPRs at practice or scrimmage situations. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between PPRs and the closed skill of serving in volleyball during competition. Gender differences and the relationship between PPRs and competitive anxiety (CA) was also explored. Participants were recruited from two club volleyball organizations at an NCAA Division I university in the Midwestern United States. Video recording were taken of each participant's behaviors prior to completing a serve at regional intercollegiate tournaments to assess PPRs. Additionally, two versions of the Competitive State Anxiety Scale II- directional (CSAI-2(d)) were administered to evaluate the relationship between PPRs and CA. Results indicated that there was no effect of PPRs on serving accuracy. In regard to CA, there was no relationship between CA and PPR maintenance. Women demonstrated a higher maintenance of behavioral serve PPRs, though their serving percentage was not statistically different from the men. These findings indicate that the use of strict PPRs, though effective in some sports, may not have the same effectiveness across sports. Additional research is needed to assess the effectiveness of PPRs on closed skill accuracy for other sports.