Browsing by Author "Axhausen, Kay"
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Item Accessibility: Long-Term Perspectives(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2008) Axhausen, KayImproved accessibility and its correlate lower generalized cost of contact, travel and transport have been sought by dynamic human societies for their economic and social benefits throughout recorded history. The paper will reflect about this process at a number of different spatial and temporal scales based on a conceptual model. Looking back at European history, it will trace the interaction between Christaller’s logic of local market areas and the idea of (low contact cost) network cities. Focusing on Switzerland since 1950 it will show how network investment changed the relative distribution of population and employment and how this interacted with changes in the preferences of the travelers. Using a recent snapshot of how a substantial sample of Swiss maintain their social networks over often very large areas, it will try to answer the question of what will happen in the future, if the current trend of ever lower costs of contact will persist.Item Land use-transportation modeling with UrbanSim: Experiences and progress(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2010) Felsenstein, Daniel; Axhausen, Kay; Waddell, PaulAs an open source and modular software system using highly disaggregated data for dynamic simulation, UrbanSim has been instrumental in making integrated land-use transportation modeling accessible beyond the bespoke models that characterized earlier generations. The UrbanSim model and the collaborative OPUS framework (Open Platform for Urban Simulation) that it has spawned have stimulated much original progress in this field. The object of this thematic issue of the Journal of Transport and Land Use is to report on this work and to illustrate the various ways UrbanSim has been adapted. However, this special issue is more than just a collection of progress reports. A central theme running through all the papers is that integrated land use-transportation modeling in Europe presents a series of challenges and demands not necessarily present in the United States context in which UrbanSim was developed. Thus, while the UrbanSim system can be technically adapted to European studies given the data and resources, the prevailing land-use transportation environment in Europe differs from the United States.Item Location choice for a continuous simulation of long periods under changing conditions(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2014) Märki, Fabian; Charypar, David; Axhausen, KayThe authors propose a location choice procedure that is capable of handling changing conditions of aspects with different time horizons. It integrates expected travel time, current location effectiveness, prospective location effectiveness, and individual unexplained location perception into a decision heuristic that considers different planning horizons simultaneously and decides on-the-fly about future location visits. Multiple simulation runs illustrate agents' location choice behavior in various situations and confirm that the model enables agents to simultaneously consider seasonal effects, weather conditions, expected travel times, and individual unexplained location preference in their location choice.Item Modelling hedonic residential rents for land use and transport simulation while considering spatial effects(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2010) Löchl, Michael; Axhausen, KayThe application of UrbanSim requires land or real estate price data for the study area. These can be difficult to obtain, particularly when tax assessor data and data from commercial sources are unavailable. The article discusses an alternative method of data acquisition and applies hedonic modeling techniques in order to generate the required data. Many studies have highlighted that ordinary least square (OLS) regression approaches lack the ability to consider spatial dependency and spatial heterogeneity, consequently leading to biased and inefficient estimations. Therefore, a comprehensive data set is used for modeling residential asking rents by applying and comparing OLS, spatial autoregressive, and geographically weighted regression (GWR) techniques. The latter technique performed best with regard to model fit, but the issue of correlated coefficients favored a spatial simultaneous autoregressive model. Overall, the article reveals that when housing markets are a particular concern in UrbanSim applications, significant efforts are needed for the price data generation and modeling. The study concludes with further development potentials for UrbanSim.Item The role of location in residential location choice models: a review of literature(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2014) Schirmer, Patrick; van Eggermond, Michael A.B.; Axhausen, KayGeospatial data available to researchers has increased tremendously over the last several decades, opening up opportunities to define residential location in multiple ways. This has led to a myriad of variables to define "location'' in residential location choice models. In this paper, we propose a common classification for location variables and categorize findings from a wide range of studies. We find similar preferences but different measurement methods and market segments for locations across different study regions. Recent studies consider the residential unit as choice alternative, making it possible to include a detailed description of the built environment. However, these studies are still limited in number and the inclusion of socioeconomic environment is more common. Transport land-use models can benefit from the inclusion of points of interest, such as schools, network distances, and the distance to previous locations. For the results of location choice models to be transferable to different disciplines, and avoid multi-collinearity, it is necessary to present different model specifications, including variables of interest in different disciplines.