Browsing by Author "Arnold, William A."
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Item Compost use in Post-Construction Stormwater Practices: A Systematic Review & Results from Listening Sessions(St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, 2023-11-01) Erickson, Andrew J.; Weiss, Peter T.; Wang, Zihang; Arnold, William A.; Kocher, Megan; Lafferty, MeghanThe Compost Research and Education Foundation (CREF) and the University of Minnesota (U of M) embarked on research to better understand the best uses of compost in stormwater bioretention media and identify compost characteristics that are most impactful to the success of these systems. It is critical for manufacturers, specifiers, end users, and regulators to understand these best uses so users can understand what performs well, suppliers can make a high-quality compost product, and designers can specify and receive a product best suited for the application. This will improve bioretention performance and confidence from specifiers and end-users, minimize pollution potential, and ultimately increase acceptance and use of compost in critical green infrastructure stormwater best management practices.Item Determination of the antibiotic and antibiotic resistance footprint in surface water environment of a metropolitan area: Effects of anthropogenic activities(2022-09-26) He, Huan; Bueno, Irene; Kim, Taegyu; Wammer, Kristine H.; LaPara, Timothy M.; Singer, Randall S.; Beaudoin, Amanda; Arnold, William A.; heh@umn.edu; He, Huan; University of Minnesota Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering; University of Minnesota Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences; University of St Thomas Department of Chemistry; Minnesota Department of HealthThis study investigated geospatial distributions of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in surface waters and their associations with anthropogenic activities. During July‒October 2020, the concentrations of antibiotics (water and sediment) and ARGs (sediment) were measured at 39 sites in the Twin Cities metropolitan area (Minnesota) that experience a gradient of impacts related to human activities. For water samples, the number of antibiotics detected and the concentrations of certain antibiotics (e.g., sulfonamides) positively correlated with urbanization indicators (e.g., urban percentage, population density, number of wastewater discharge points; ρ =0.32‒0.46, p =0.003‒0.04) and negatively correlated with undeveloped land indicators (e.g., forest; ρ =-0.34‒-0.62, p =<0.00001‒0.04). Antibiotics in sediments exhibited geospatial distribution different from that in corresponding water samples and exhibited no associations with anthropogenic factors. Relative abundances of ARGs were not associated with anthropogenic factors, but several ARGs (e.g., blaoxa, mexB, and sul2) were inversely related to the organic content of sediments (ρ =-0.38‒-0.44, p =0.01‒0.04). Strong correlations were found among relative abundances of various ARGs and intI1 (ρ ≥ 0.67, p < 0.05), highlighting their co-occurrence in (sub)urban surface waters. These results identified promising anthropogenic/environmental factors for predicting antibiotic geospatial distributions and useful gene markers to monitor ARGs in surface waters.Item Enhanced Filter Media for Removal of Dissolved Contaminants from Stormwater(St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, 2014-09) Erickson, Andrew J.; Gulliver, John S.; Weiss, Peter T.; Arnold, William A.This report is the culmination of a 3-year research project titled, "Aqueous pollutant capture by enhanced filter media," which was funded by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency through its Federal Clean Water Act Section 319 (Section 319) grant program, with Gregory Johnson as project manager. The purpose of this project was to research materials that could be used in new or renovated sand filters, infiltration systems, rain gardens, and buffer strips to capture significant amounts of dissolved heavy metals, phosphorus, and nitrogen that are typically found in urban and agricultural runoff. This was accomplished with five primary objectives, which have been organized into five representative Chapters that are described below. Chapter 1 consists of an extensive literature review that was used to not only inform and guide the project, but also to satisfy the first objective (Objective 1: Literature review and agent section). Through this literature review, enhancing materials were evaluated and some were selected for testing as part of this project. In addition, this literature prevented duplication of previous research efforts. The review incorporated performance by existing stormwater treatment practices for water quantity reduction and capture of dissolved heavy metals, phosphorous, and nitrogen and also investigated potential enhancements that capture dissolved heavy metals, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Chapter 2 discusses batch studies that were performed on enhancing materials selected in Chapter 1, which satisfies the second objective (Objective 2: Perform batch studies and agent selection). Batch studies involved mixing enhancing materials with synthetic stormwater laden with stormwater pollutants of concern: metals, phosphorus, and nitrogen. By collecting samples and measuring change in concentration, the sorption capacity of the enhancing materials was determined and compared for well-mixed conditions. From this comparison, several materials were selected to further investigation. Chapter 3 discusses column studies that were performed on a few enhancing materials selected from the literature review and batch studies, which satisfies the third objective (Objective 3. Perform column studies and develop descriptive models). Synthetic stormwater was added to these columns while samples were collected samples and flow rate was measured and controlled. Sorption capacity for flow-through conditions was estimated from the data collected. The Thomas model (Thomas 1948) is a well-known model in the chemistry field that describes breakthrough of pollutants in flow-through columns. When fit to the data collected in this project, the Thomas model was found to adequately describe the removal of pollutants by the enhancing materials selected. Chapter 4 discusses field verification studies that were performed on two enhancing materials, which satisfies the fourth objective (Objective 4. Field verification studies). River water was collected in lieu of natural stormwater and passed through a scaled enhanced media filter. The water was tested and supplemented as necessary to represent the target conditions for the experiment. Samples were collected and flow rate was measured to determine the sorption capacity that could be expected of the enhancing materials in a field application. Again, the Thomas model was fit to the data and found to adequately describe the removal of pollutants by the enhancing materials. Chapter 5 provides a summary of the project results and associated conclusions, which in addition to activities throughout the project, satisfies the fifth and final objective (Objective 5. Public Outreach/Public Participation and Deliverables).Item Internal Phosphorus Load Reduction with Iron Filings(2017-09) Natarajan, Poornima; Gulliver, John S.; Arnold, William A.Item Persistence of Antibiotics in the Natural Environment: Scoping Review Protocol(2021) Bueno, Irene; He, Huan; Nault, Andre J.; Ziemann, Sarah; Degn, Lauren; Arnold, William A.; Wammer, Kristine H.Background: Antibiotics and their metabolites released into aquatic and soil environments have the potential to affect their microbial communities and can be a selection pressure to drive antimicrobial resistance emergence and spread. However, data about the persistence of antibiotics and metabolites into the natural environment are still lacking. Objectives: The goal of this manuscript is to describe the protocol that will be used to conduct a formal scoping review of the current literature to address the following question: “What is known from the existing literature about degradation of a selected group of antibiotic compounds in water, sediment, and soil?”. Eligibility criteria: Eligible studies will be primary research, in English, from any geographic location, published between 2000-2020, include water, sediment, and/or soil samples, were conducted in natural systems and/or laboratory studies with relevant data applied to natural systems, include data related to transformation by sunlight, biodegradation, and/or sorption processes, and include data for any of the following compounds: i) sulfonamides: sulfachlorpyridazine, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine; ii) macrolides: erythromycin, roxithromycin, tylosin, azithromycin; iii) tetracyclines: chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline; iv) fluoroquinlones: ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin; v) beta-lactams: penicillins; vi) others: carbadox, trimethoprim, lincomycin.