DuPlissis, JohnYin, XiweiBaughman, Melvin J.2008-06-102008-06-102000-02https://hdl.handle.net/11299/37031Effects of site preparation, seedling quality, and tree shelters on planted northern red oaks were studied through field trials in southeastern Minnesota. Seedling survival, height and diameter growth were greater for seedlings planted under 10 square feet per acre of residual basal area compared to 47 square feet per acre. Chemical and mechanical site preparation increased seedling survival and growth over no site preparation. Seedlings with at least six first-order lateral roots had higher survival and diameter growth than nursery run seedlings. Tree shelters increased seedling height growth, but not diameter growth or survival.en-USsite preparationseedling qualitytree sheltersnorthern red oaksReport