Goetz, Edward G2019-07-102019-07-102002https://hdl.handle.net/11299/204428In July 1992, attorneys for the Minnesota Legal Aid Society and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) filed suit in federal district court on behalf of a group of plaintiffs living in public housing in Minneapolis alleging that the public housing and Section 8 programs in the city perpetuated racial and low-income segregation. The co-defendants in the Hollman v. Cisneros lawsuit offered to enter into settlement negotiations with the plaintiffs, and in April 1995, a consent decree was signed that committed the co-defendants to a series of dramatic policy changes aimed at deconcentrating family public housing in Minneapolis. In 1999, CURA was contracted by the nonprofit Family Housing Fund and the State of Minnesota to conduct an evaluation of the implementation of the Hollman consent decree. The findings of the three-year evaluation are presented in a series of eight reports, which conclude that the implementation of the consent decree produced mixed results with respect to the construction of replacement housing units, the reductions of race and poverty concentration in public housing in the Twin Cities, and the use of special mobility certificates made available by the decree. This report, the first in the series, provides the context for understanding the settlement agreement contained in the Hollman consent decree. A history of subsidized housing dispersal efforts during the past 30 years is presented. The report contains a comprehensive review of studies during that time period that investigated how dispersal works and what its impacts are on families and communities. The Hollman decree is one of several similar settlements across the country that attempted to combine at least two recent federal initiatives in public housing: (1) the redevelopment of older, less functional public housing projects into mixed-income, mixed-use communities that contain a much lower density of public housing units (this approach is the thrust of the federal HOPE VI program); and (2) the use of housing vouchers to allow low-income families to move out of neighborhoods of high poverty (the so-called housing mobility approach exemplified by the federal Moving to Opportunity [MTO] demonstration program.enAfrican AmericansBlacksHollman v CisnerosLow-Income GroupsMetropolitan CouncilMinneapolisMinneapolis Community Development Agency (MCDA)Minneapolis Public Housing Authority (MPHA)MinoritiesNorthside NeighborhoodPublic HousingRaceRacialSection 8SegregationSoutheast AsiansSuburbsUrban RenewalUS Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)Report