Arendale, David R.2018-09-262018-09-262002Arendale, D. R. (2002). Then and now: The early history of developmental education: past events and future trends. Research & Teaching in Developmental Education, 18(2), 3-26 Reprinted in Arendale, D. R. (2011). Then and now: The early years of Developmental Education. Research & Teaching in Developmental Education, 27(2), 58-76.https://hdl.handle.net/11299/200366Postsecondary institutions throughout the nation’s history have provided developmental education and learning assistance programs meet the academic standards expected of admitted college students. "It can be asserted accurately that bridging the academic preparation gap has been a constant in the history of American higher education and that the controversy surrounding it is an American educational tradition" (Brier, 1984, p. 2). The author of this article identified six phases of developmental education in American history. Each phase is naturally interconnected with the social history that surrounds and interact with them. The succeeding phase included more student subpopulations that needed support in higher education through developmental education. This article will explore the first three phases of developmental education history to provide a context for today's programs and services.encollege studentslearning assistancehigher and postsecondary educationdevelopmental educationpublic policy analysishistoryremedial educationcompensatory educationacademic accessArticle