Graefe, Carl2024-08-222024-08-222024https://hdl.handle.net/11299/265130University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. 2024. Major: Political Science. Advisor: Tanisha Fazal. 1 computer file (PDF); viii, 268 pages.New Spaces: On Territoriality in an Expansive Era introduces the concept of a territorial supply shock to the study of international relations (IR). The field of IR has long operated under the notion that the amount of space that international actors have to interact with and in is static. This assumption of fixed territorial supply ignores three significant additions to the supply of territory in the world: the Earth’s poles, the deep oceans, and Earth orbit. New Spaces conducts basic research into how the general notion that territorial supply is dynamic, and the three new spaces impact the study of international relations. Using an innovative combination of computer simulation and historical case study, New Spaces uncovers the counterintuitive notion that interstate cooperation rather than competition is the modal political outcome in these new spaces. The findings present in new spaces have potential to significantly impact IR theory in areas of territorial conflict, conceptualizing the state, and international cooperation. Additionally, the insight gained from the addition of the study of the poles, the oceans, and outer space adds significant new data to the archive used to test theories of international relations. Finally, the methodology employed in New Spaces provides two innovations. The first is to offer a demonstration of multimethod research built around a generative approach to social science that has much to offer those handling complex and new questions for IR. The second is a more thorough treatment of the international system as a complex socio-environmental system, knitting together aspects of IR that are often studied separately.enAgent Based ModelingConflictCooperationTerritoryThesis or Dissertation