Chambers, Sarah C.2024-09-162024-09-162023-06-08https://ageofrevolutions.com/2023/06/08/displaced-by-revolution-loyalists-in-limbo-within-the-spanish-empire/2770-8322https://hdl.handle.net/11299/265538This article is part of the series entitled “Exiled: Identity and Identification,” which explores the semantic evolution of exile and the lived experiences of people seeking refuge across the Atlantic World during the long nineteenth century. It was presented originally at the conference “Who is a Refugee? Concepts of Exile, Refuge and Asylum, c.1750-1850”, which took place on 30 June – 1 July 2022 at the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.Thousands of Spanish subjects were displaced by first the Haitian Revolution in the 1790s and then the Spanish American wars of independence from 1810-1825. Some fled to foreign countries, but many prioritized areas still controlled by Spain, particularly Cuba and Puerto Rico. Unlike British loyalists from North America, few received compensation for the losses they had incurred. Displaced imperial administrators did receive pensions valued at two-thirds of their salary until they could return to their former positions. But, with the exception of some in Puerto Rico, civilians, mostly born in the colonies, were not guaranteed assistance. Although Spanish subjects in Spanish territory, they found themselves in limbo, as they were seen as outsiders and expected to return to their places of origin once the Crown had suppressed the revolutions.en-USExileAtlantic RevolutionsCaribbean HistoryEmpireLatin American HistoryArticle