Matysik, Molly A.Gilmore, Daniel W.Mozaffari, MortezaRosen, Carl J.Halbach, Thomas R.2008-06-192008-06-192001-07https://hdl.handle.net/11299/37289The paper reviews the effects of by-products: wood ash, biosolids (sewage sludge), and papermill residuals (papermill sludge) on tree growth and forest ecosystems and examines the effects of soils amended with by-products on foliar metal (e.g., Ni, Cr, Cd) and nutrient concentrations, soil chemical and physical properties, metal and nutrient leaching, runoff, and general effects on microbes, insects, flora and fauna.en-USwood ashbiosolidspapermill residualsforest soilsReport