Garden Problems SUNSCALD is a winter tree injury that appears as cankers on the south or southwest side of trunk or limbs. To help prevent sunscald, wrap the trunk and lower main limbs with aluminum foil. DANDELIONS: Apply 2,4-D spray (as directed by manufacturer) on a still morning when tempera- ture is above 70° F. and there is active growth. Use only the amine or low volatile form of 2,4-D. Two early applications should keep the lawn fairly free for the remainder of the season. Apply later sprays if necessary. (Warning-keep spray away from garden plants and shrubbery.) CRABGRASS IN LAWNS: Preemergence soil treatments using arsenical compounds, or materials containing Zytron, or Dacthal (as directed by manu- facturer) are effective in early spring or late fall. For postemergence treatment, use crabgrass killers containing methyl arsenate or calcium propyl arse- nate (sold under various brand names ) . Apply as directed by manufacturer. Use at least two applica- tions: ( 1) when crabgrass seedlings first appear (late - -, Jun& or early July); and ( 2) 7 to 10 days later. There may be slight injury to bluegrass. RABBITS can be discouraged from winter for- aging with chemical repellents sprayed or painted on fruit or ornamental plantings. Some repellents are Ringwood Rabbit Repellent, Peter Rabbit, and Zip. Manufacturers' directions must be followed. MICE: Protectors of ¥..- or %-inch mesh galvanized wire around orchard tree bases discourage girdling by mice and rabbits. Remove weeds and grass from bases and mound earth around trunk. MUSHROOMS IN LAWNS: Mushrooms are fruit- ing bodies of fungi that grow on wood or other organic matter in soil. They can sometimes be controlled with chemical application. See Extension Folder 165, "The Home Lawn,'' for details on control procedures. DOG URINE SPOTS IN LAWNS: When brown urine• spots occur in the lawn, replacement of the sod is usually necessary. If the lawn is seeded, use fresh soil. Then replace with a similar seed mixture. If you know the grass variety, use a sod plug as an im- mediate corrective measure. QUACKGRASS cannot be removed without also killing desirable grasses. Spot treatment with dalapon is practical on a limited basis. Bluegrass is usually quite competitive. In cultivated areas, use dalapon in the fall and follow with planting the next spring. CIDCKWEED: There are two types of chickweed troublesome in gardens and lawns-mouse-eared and common chickweed. For the home lawn, silvex or 2,4,5-T is effective. Repeat applications for new seed- lings as they germinate. KNOTWEED AND CREEPING CHARLIB: Knotweed is associated with soil compaction. Loosen the soil and incorporate organic matter before using chemical treatment. Stepping stones along narrow driveways and sidewalks may be helpful. Control Creeping Charlie and knotweed chemically with 2,4,S-TP or silvex. Winter Protection of Roses METHOD 1 TIPPING ROSEBUSH INTO TRENCH: 1. Shortly after the middle of October, with soil in a moist workable condition, dig a trench 6 to 8 inches deep extending to the base of the rosebush. 2. Tie canes together into a bundle and tip bush into the trench. 3. Use the soil dug from the trench to cover the whole bush. This affords protection from sudden drops in temperature. 4. In early November, add a 3- to 4-inch layer of leaves. It is best to have a light frozen crust of soil before adding leaves, but a hard freeze that may even injure earth-covered canes may be expected by this time of year. S. About a week after applying the leaf covering (about November 10), apply a 6-inch layer of marsh hay over all of the previous covering. If nature is co- operative, you may have a covering of snow before it is time to apply the marsh hay, but do not delay the application because of lack of snow. 6. In the spring (about April 1), remove the hay, _Jeaves, and. eartl:i coverings in. st.ages llB they thaw. Do not leave the covering on the bushes too long as useless sprouts and disease problems may develop. 7. After the covering has been removed and the frost is out of the ground, raise the bushes to their vertical position and put soil back in place at the base of the bush. Water the soil thoroughly. METHOD 2 ALL-LEAF COVER: 1. About the middle of October, bend the rose- bushes over gently and remove a shovelful of soil from the side of the base toward which the bush is to be bent. Tie the canes together with a soft cotton cord and tie down to a stake. 2. Enclose the entire rosebed with chicken wire or garden fencing at least 2 feet high. Place fence approximately 2 feet out from outermost rosebush to afford a thick wall of insulation. 3. Before any heavy freeze, during which there is danger of severe damage to the "unhardened" tissue of rosebushes, apply the final heavy cover of leaves (at least 3 feet deep) over the bushes. It is imperative that leaves be rammed under the arch formed by the beut bushes in order to prevent air pockets from forming in the cover. Such pockets can cause consider- able injury to the exposed portions of canes, especially in the case of climbing rosebushes. To afford drainage from the covering, leaves should be deeper and more thoroughly packed in the center of the bed making drainage to the outer edge possible. 4. To prevent surface leaves from blowing away and to prbtect against fire, place a lawn sprinkler on top of the covering and spray water over the leaves until the top layer is thoroughly soaked. You can also place tree branches and similar materials on top to prevent leaves from blowing away and children from tramping on them. S. As soon as the snow melts in the spring and the soil starts to thaw, open up the surface layer of leaves to aerate the heavy cover and prevent heating and molding. If you do not do this, you will induce production of etiolated useless sprouts that are in- jurious, especially to climbing roses. VEGETABLE CROPS Seeds for Distance be- Plants apart Depth of Ready for use 100-foot tween rows, in rows, plailting, Time of planti'if from date Kind row, ounces inches inches inches in open groun of seeding, days Asparagus, seed 1 18 to 24 3 1 Early spring 365 to 730 Asparae, root 66 [roots] 48 18 4to8 Earll spring 730 Beans, ush snap 16 18 to 24 2 l Apri to July 42 to 7S Beans, £ole snap 12 36 to 48 36to 48 l May and June 65to 90 Beans, ush Lima 16 ·18to24 4to6 1 May to June 65 to 75 Beans, pole Lima 2 18 to 24 36to 48 1 May to June 80to 90 Beet (and 2 1 April to August 45to00 Swiss chard) 1 12 to 18 Beet, mange! 4 1 April to August 90to 120 and sugar 1 20 Broccoli 1' 24 to 36 18 to 24 ll March and April 90to 100 " Brussels sprouts * 24 to 30 12to16 ll May and June 100to120 Cabbage, Chinese * 18to 24 10to12 Ji June and July 7S Cabbage, early * 24 to 30 12 to 18 ll March and April 90to llO Cabbage, late * 24to 36 16 to 24 Ji May and June 110to120 Cantaloupe, May to June 85to150 musknielon Ji 4 every 48 1 Carrot ll 12to18 2 Ji April to June 55 to 80 Cauliflower * 24 to 30 18 Ji April to June 9S to llO Celery * 18 to 36 6 J;; May and June 120to150 Collards )4 24 to 30 18 to 24 ll Late sprin3 100to120 Comsalad 1 12 to 18 3 ll June and Ju y 60 Com, sweet 4 30 to 36 4 every 36 1 May to July 5S to 90 Cucumber Ji 48 to 72 4 every36 1 April to July SO to 70 Eg~lant J;; 24 to 30 18 ll April and May 125 to 140 En 've 1 18 12 ll April (July) 100 Kale or borecole * 18 to 24 18 Ji August, September S5 to 60 (March, April) Kohlrabi * 18 to 24 6 Ji March to May SO to 70 Leek Ji 14 to 20 4 ll March to May 120to 150 Lettuce * 12 to 18 12 ll March to September 70 to 90 Mustard * 12to 18 6 * March to May (September) 60 to 90 Okra 2 36 to 48 12 1 May and June 90to 140 Onion, seed 1 12to18 2 Ji April to May 125to 150 Onion sets 1 [quart] 12 to 18 2 1 February to May 100 Onion seed for sets 16 12to18 Ji M April 90 Parsley * 12to18 3 1' Earlh Spring 65to 90 Parsnip ll 18 to 24 4 M Marc to April 130 Peas 16 30 to 36 1 1to2 March to June 45to 75 Peas, crowder 8 36 4to6 1 May 100 to 110 Pepper J;; 18 to 24 15 ll May and June 130to150 Pumpkin li 96to144 Severy72 1 May to July 7S to 90 Radish 1 12 to 18 1 M March to September 20 to 75 Rhubarb, seed M 18 to 24 4 li to 1 Early spring 360to 730 Rhubarb, roots 40 [roots] 48 30 3 to4 Early spring 2 or 3 [years] Rutabaga * 18to 24 8 ll to 1 June to July 90 Salsify 1 18 to 24 2 Ji Early spring lSO Soybeans, vegetable 8 16 to 36 2 1 May to June 90to 120 Spinach 1 12to18 4 ll August and early spring 4Sminimum Squash, summer ll 36 to 48 4 every 48 1 April to June 65to70 Squash, winter M 84to120 4 every 72 1 May to July 125 Tomato 1' 36to48 36 to 48 Ji May to June 125to lSO Turnip Ji 18 to 24 4 * April and August 45to90 Turnip, for greens 1 12to 18 * April and August 4Sto50 Watercress M in water April to September 60to70 Watermelon 1 96to120 24 to 48 1 May and June lOOto 130 ... Institute of Agriculture UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Agricultural Extension Service Extension Pamphlet 207 Revised 1965 GARDEN INFORMATION C. Gustav Hard • Orrin C. Turnquist • John A. Lofgren • Herbert G. Johnson Extension Specialists Planting Suggestions Plant at the Right Tim~nfer with your sup- plier about times for each plant. Order early. Prepare the Soil-have the soil ready before plants arrive. If soil is too sandy, too hard, or lacking in fer- tility, improve it by adding compost, rotted manure, granulated peat, or other organic material. Do not place commercial fertilizer in direct contact with plants. Prune if Needed-most decidious woody plants (not evergreens) should be cut back severely at planting time. Water Thoroughly-firm the soil around plants, leaving a depression for water. Use plenty of water at planting time; water thoroughly later, but only when needed. Do not keep soil soggy. Be Careful with Evergreens-do not allow roots to be exposed. Leave the burlap on but loosen at top where stem protrudes. Do not break the ball. Protect Your Plants-plants cannot compete with dogs, weeds, insects, and other garden pests. Protect them at least until well-established. Soil Improvement Applications of compost, manure, agricultural peat, or similar organic materials improve tilth and produc- tivity of most garden soils. Organic materials added to soil eventually increase the amount of plant food available. Commercial fertilizers supply plant food only. They may be used alone or to supplement slow acting organic fertilizers. Garden fertilizers may be obtained in many strengths. Most of the common ones have formulas of approximately 10-6-4 and may be used for: e Lawns and borders-10 to 20 pounds per 1,000 square feet. • Sidedressing along rows of vegetables, flowers, and small fruit plants-I pound per 25 feet of row. • Fruit and shade trees (cultivated or placed in . auger holes beneath outer branches )-1 pound per inch of trunk diameter. Use ll pound am- monium nitrate. e Individual shrubs or bush fruit plants-1 cup per plant (well-distributed and worked into soil). Starter solution-soak JO cup of a complete ferti- lizer in 1 gallon water for 24 hours. Pour JO cup around roots of each transplanted Hower or vegetable plant. General Purpose Garden Spray Many common insects and diseases can be con- trolled with timely applications of a "combination" spray or dust. Several all~purpose mixtures are sold under brand names; or prepare your own as follows. To 1 gallon of water add: 1. 2 tablespoons ferbam 76-percent or Captan SO-per- cent wettable powder. 2. 2 tablespoons methoxychlor SO-percent wettable powder. 3. 2 tablespoons malathion 25-percent wettable pow- der (or 2 teaspoons SO-percent emulsion). Use no garden spray without reading the label. The label tells you: • When to apply. • What the chemical controls. • Limitations for use--how close to harvest an application may be made. • Precautions for self-protection when applying. Fruit Pest Control Commercially prepared home fruit spray mixtures are available in small quantities at most garden supply stores. Read labels carefully and follow directions on dosages and handling precautions. (See suggested General Purpose Garden Spray. ) WHEN TO SPRAY: To protect pollinating insects, do not apply insecticides during full bloom stage. Complete coverage and proper timing are important. The following spray applications do not make up a complete program as required by commercial grow- ers: However, they are the most important applica- tions in helping the home grower produce reasonably clean fruit. APPLES AND PEARS: Pink Spray: When fruit buds show pink at tips. Petal Fall Spray: When three-fourths of blossom petals have fallen. First Cover Spray: 7 days after petal fall spray. First Maggot Spray: About July 15 ( 1 week after the llrst maggot Hies appear). Use diazinon, sevin, or general purpose mixture. Second Maggot Spray and Continued Program: 10 days to 2 weeks after first maggot spray. Make additional maggot sprays every 7 to 10 days through August. A complete spray program applied at regular in- tervals, with the correct amount and kind of chemical, and with complete coverage of the tree and fruit is essential for clean fruit. STONE, FRUIT (PLUMBS, CHERRY-PLUMS, OTHER): Petal Fall Spray: When three-fourths of blossom petals have fallen. Shuck Fall Spray: When shucks (membranous blossom coverings ) start to fall. First Cover Spray: 10 days after petal fall spray. Preharvest Spray: When fruits begin to color. RASPBERRIES: 1. Spray when leaves are first fully expanded. 2. Spray when blossom buds first show. STRAWBERRIES: l. Treat soil before planting to control white grubs. 2. Spray when spring blossom buds first appear (be- fore full blossoming) . 3. Spray after each heavy rain until llrst fruits are set. FIREBLIGHT OF FRUIT: Infection occurs dur- ing the entire growing season. High nitrogen fertili- zation and severe pruning increase susceptibility. Beacon, Prairie Spy, and Redwell are very susceptible. Prune out infected branches during dormant period (late fali winter, or early spring). Make cuts 6 inches below infected area. Burn branches before leaves come out in spring. If you prune during summer sterilize cutting tools with formaldehyde, denatured alcohol, or liquid chlorine household bleach mixed half and half with water. Vegetable Pest Control SOIL INSECTS (WHITE GRUBS, CUTWORMS, WIREWORMS, ROOT MAGGOTS): Insecticide Aldrin (except carrots, potatoes) Amount to use per 1,000 square feet 5% granular or dust (apply dry) . . ... Ill pounds 25% wettable powder (in spray or drench) ...................... 5 ounces emulsion concentrate ( 2 pounds per gallon) (in spray or drench) ... ............ ....... ................ .......... . . ........... S fluid ounces Chlordane 10% granular or dust .... . . . . .. 2ll pounds emulsion concentrate ( 4 pounds per gallon) (in spray or drench) . ... .......... ...... . ........................ .8 fluid ounces Dieldrin ( except root crops ) 2Jf% granular .. ...... . .. .. . .. . .................................. 3 pounds 25% wettable powder .... . .......................... S ounces emulsion concentrate ( U. pounds per gallon) .............. ................ . . . .............. 6 fluid ounces Above rates are for broadcast treatments, which should be raked or harrowed into the soil. They may also be applied by: ( 1) sprinkling granules or dust into furrow at about 1 ounce per 100 feet of row when seed is planted; or ( 2) as a drench around newly setout transplants, using 2 teaspoons wettable powder or 1 teaspoon emulsion in 1 gallon water. European Com Borer Moths usually lay eggs for the llrst brood in late June or early July. Control this brood by applying 5-percent or IO-percent DDT dust or granules or spraying sevin into whorls of the plants after eggs have started to hatch. The second brood usually appears in August. A DDT or sevin spray using 2 tablespoons of 50-percent wettable powder per gallon of water or a 10-percent DDT dust applied to the ear zone controls the second brood. You may need several applications during egg-hatching time. Com Earworm Moths lay eggs on the silks of ears. DDT or sevin applied to the silks controls ear- worms; or use a dust or a special earworm spray of DDT in mineral oil. Several applications every 3 or 4 days will be needed during a bad earworm year. Usually late planted com is most heavily damaged. Early corn may also be damaged when weather ·is warm early in spring and summer. Beetle and Leafhopper Potato Pests may be con- trolled with frequent applications of S-percent DDT dust or a spray using 50-percent wettable DDT pow- der as directed by manufacturer. For blight control, add maneb, zineb, or fixed-copper dust or spray ma- terial to the above as directed by manufacturer. Sev- eral preparations are available in which DDT and copper are already combined. Garden Slugs are particularly difficult to control in many areas during a wet season or when the garden is kept wet. They often gather under boards and in piles of weeds, compost, and other places which do not dry out. Keep weed growth down, and open low, dense vegetation around the garden to dry. Water or irrigate the garden thoroughly, but less frequently (not every day). Prevent tomato damage by staking them up. In the evening, place a commercial slug bait containing metaldehyde in watered spots. Use about 1 tablespoon of bait at each placement, centered in a soaked area 2 to 3 feet in diameter. The All-Purpose Mixture: Most insect pests that attack garden plants above ground may be controlled with a mixture of malathion and methoxychlor. (See General Purpose Gru:den Spray above.) Ornamental Pest Control Ants: Apply chlordane or dieldrin spray or granules to lawn. Treat individual nests or broadcast granules over infested area and soak in. Aphids: Dust or spray infested foliage thoroughly with malathion. Cutworms: Treat soil around plants with DDT, chlordane, or dieldrin dust or spray. Cankerworms and Other Leaf.Chewing Caterpil· lars: Spray infested trees early in spring or when worms are still small. Use DDT, sevin, or methoxy- chlor. Cover foliage thoroughly. Leaf Miners (Especially Birch) : Control is diffi- cult. Spray with diazinon or malathion when leaves are about one-half out (May). Repeat in 10 to 15 days. Leafhoppers: Dust or spray foliage with DDT or malathion. Spray weedy margins to control weeds. Mites ("Red Spider" and Others): Spray thorough- ly with malathion, Kelthane, Dimite, chlorobenzilate, aramite, or Tedion. (Use Kelthane for cyclamen mites.) Black Spot of Roses: A common disease of roses in most seasons. Apply fungicide at weekly intervals. Use Captan, maneb, or Phaltan. Phaltan controls pow- dery mildew also. Scale Insects: • Dormant spray: On deciduous trees and shrubs use dormant oil or dinitro dormant sprays. For pine needle scale on pine and spruce use liquid lime sulfur, 1 pint per gallon of water. • "Crawler" sprays: Use malathion or sevin when crawlers are active. Slugs: Trap under boards or use a metaldehyde bait (such as "Snarol," "Bug-geta," or "Slug-It") or Zectran spray or granules. Thrips: Dust or spray regularly and thoroughly with DDT. For gladioli treat corms with 5- or 10- percent DDT dust before storing. White Grubs (Lawns) : Apply chlordane, 2ll pounds 10-percent granules or dieldrin, 2 pounds of 5-percent granules per 1,000 square feet. Soak in thoroughly. Powdery Mildew: This disease occurs on leaves and other parts of many plants. It is silvery white and occurs in distinct spots or often covers entire leaf surfaces. The disease is most severe late in the season. Only a few fungicides control powdery mildew. These are: Karathane, Actidione P M, sulfur, and Phaltan. Phaltan controls powdery mildew on roses and on some but not all other plants. Diseases Diseases of ornamental plants may be caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. Control may involve crop rotation, soil chemical drenches, soil fumigation, careful selection of seed and planting stock, and other practices. Many practices must be handled on an individual basis with special instruc- tions. Leaf spot diseases caused by fungi are among the most common and obvious diseases and can gen- erally be controlled by fungicides. Galls on Cedars or Junipers: Brown, woody galls up to Ill inches in diameter occurring on cedar trees are a stage of the cedar-apple rust fungus. During warm rains in May and early June, orange-colored, gelatinous tendrils push out of the galls. Most severe damage caused is the leaf spot phase on apple trees. The disease can be controlled by application of fungi- cide. Extensive damage on cedars seldom occurs. Foliage Blights: Use any of the following at the rate of 2 level tablespoons per gallon of water: zineb, maneb, ferbam, or Captan. Check label before using fungicides on food crops. Bud and Flower Blight of Peonies: Botrytis fungus often attacks peony shoots and Howerbuds, especially during damp weather. Control is in two parts: ( 1) in fall after growth is done, remove tops by cutting just below ground line; ( 2) in spring when shoots are about 3 inches tall, and again when they are 10 to 12 inches tall, spray with zineb or maneb fungicide. Additional sprays during long damp periods are advis- able. You may need a wetting agent to make the spray spread over plant surfaces. Household detergents are satisfactory. Use 1 teaspoon of liquid or 1 level table- spoon of granular detergent per 3 gallons of spray. Aster Yellows Virus Disease: This virus infects a wide range of species and varieties of cultivated plants. Common symptoms usually include: yellow- ing, dwarfing, lack of color in flowers (Hower parts are often green and poorly developed), and reduction in yield and quality of food crops. The virus is spread by the six-spotted leafhopper. Control: Use DDT, methoxychlor, or malathion. Check use of insecticide on each food crop for permissible time of use. Use an intensive spray or dust program during seasons of heavy infestations. Leaf Drop on Rubber Plant and Diefenbachia: The lower leaves on rubber plant turn yellow and drop. This condition can be caused by one or more factors. These include: overwatering, not enough moisture, too small container, overfertilization, lack of nutrients, too warm room temperature, too cold temperature, chilling, or disease. To correct the prob- lem it is necessary to evaluate the cultural practices and make appropriate changes. If leaf drop has been severe, repropagate the plant as described in Extension Bulletin 27 4, "Care of House Plants." Fungicides COPPER FUNGICIDES: Good general fungi- cides, but replaced to a great extent by organic fungi- cides. Give partial control of some bacterial foliage diseases. Bordeaux Mixture is very good, but generally causes hardening of- plant tissue. · · - Fixed or basic copper fungicides have largely re- placed Bordeaux Mixture. Some trade names are: C.O.C.S., Triangle Brand Basic Copper Sulfate, Corona 53, 530 Spray Copper, TC-95, Ortho S3, Spray Cop, Tri-Basic Copper Sulfate. ORGANIC FUNGICIDES: • Captan-used extensively for control of fungus diseases of fruit and ornamentals. Some trade names: Captan, Orthocide. • Ferbam-controls most true rusts, a preferred fungicide for control of raspberry, cherry, and plum diseases. Some trade names: Fermate and all trade names containing the term "ferbam." • Maneb-used extensively for control of vege- table diseases. Controls black spot of roses. Some trade names: Dithane M-22, Manzate. • Zineb-used extensively for control of vegetable diseases, but largely replaced by maneb. Controls many true rusts. Some trade names: Chemform Spray Zineb, Dithane Z-78, Ortho Zineb Wettable, Parzate Zineb Fungicide. POWDERY MILDEW FUNGICIDES: Actidione P M, Karathane, Phaltan ( also controls black spot of roses), sulfur. Lawn Seeding The best time to seed is between August lS and September lS. Spring seeding is possible from time soil can be worked until May lS in southern Minne- sota, slightly later in the north. Seed mixtures: e Sunny lawn ......... 60 to 80% Kentucky Bluegrass 20 to 40% Creeping Red Fescue • Shady lawn ....... 60 to 70% Creeping Red Fescue 30 to 40% Kentucky Bluegrass Add ryegrass to the mixture when quick cover is required or soil is still cold. Add not more than S percent. Seed mixtures at 3 to 4 pounds per 1,000 square feet. If you make your own mix, 3 parts by weight of fescue equals 1 part of Kentucky Bluegrass. Issued in furtherance of cooperative extension work in agriculture and home e<:onoruics, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Luther J. Pickrel, Director of Agricultural Extension Service, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101. 5M-l/65 The information herein is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement is implied. GARDEN FLOWERS-Annuals and Tender Bulbs Name Planting dates4 Color! Height (inches) Uses! June July August Sept Ageratum March l (I) B 6-24 E Bab~s breath May 1-15 w 12-18 MC Bae elor Button April 15-30 B,P,W 36 MC Balsam May 1-15 Various 12-18 MP Browallia March 1 (I) . B,W 18-24 M Calendula April 15-30 0,Y 24 MC California Poppy April 15-30 y 12 M Calliopsis April IS-30 y 24 MC Candytuft May 1-10 w 12-18 E Canna June 1-10 Various 24-48 AF Castor Bean March 1 (I) 36-144 AB Celosia, Plumy May 1-10 Y,C 36-48 MC China Aster March 1 (I) Various 18 MC Chinese Forget-me-not May 1-10 B 12-18 MC Clarida March 15(1) P,W 12-18 MC Cockscomb May 1-10 Y,C 24 MC Cosmos April 15-30 Y,W,C 36-72 MC Dahlia May 20-30 Various 18-72 MC Flax April 15-30 c 8-12 ME Four O'clock April 15-30 Various 36 M Gaill.ardia April 15-30 Y,R 18-24 MC Gladiolus April 15-J une 1 Various 24-36 c Hunnemania May 1-15 y 18-24 MC Larkspur April 15-30 Various 36-48 AC Linaria ( Toadflax ) April 15-30 Various 18-24 MC Lobelia February 15 (I) V,B,W 8-12 E Marigold, African April 1 (I) Y,O 36-48 MC Marigold, French April 1 (I) Y,R 12-18 EC Moss Rose April lS-30 Various 6-8 E Nasturtium May 1-15 Y,O 12-48 EC Nicotiana Mar.ch 1 (I) w,c 48-60 AC Nierembergia February 15 (I) B 6 E Pansy February 15 (I) Various 8-12 EC Petunia Marchl (I) Various 12-15 MC Phlox March 1 (I) Various 12-18 EC Pinks April 15-30 Various 12-18 EC Salvia (blue) March 1 (I) B 12-18 MC Scabiosa April 1 (I) Various 24-36 MC Scarlet Sage March 1 (I) R 12-36 A Shirl'Jr Poppy April 15-30 Various 18 MC Snap ragon March 1 (I) Various 12-36 MG Stocks March 1 (I) Various 18 MC Sunflower ( hybrids ) May 15-20 y 24-48 AC Sweet Alyssum March 1 (I) W,V 6 E Sweet Pea April lS-30 Various 48-60 BC Sweet Sultan April 15-30 B,P,W 36 MC Tigridia May 15-30 Y,R 12-18 M Verbena March 1 (I) Various 8-12 E Zinnia, Large March 15 (I) Various 36-48 MC . Zinnia, Lilliput March lS (I) Various 18 MC •I-inside f B-blu~, P-pink, W-white, 0-orange, Y-yellow, C-crimson, R-red, V-violft f E-edg1ng, M-mass effect, C-cut flowers, P-pot plants, A-accent, F-formal beds, B-background Oct ~~,, . '?J, ,z.t" . ':C:-~z, ~·'>Ar, ~ ,.---) . .q__y."'1_·~ _ L::f.:?:.-~/ ! _ ~ a 7 /Uc-,,. , , 0 ;:;· @ 11~iHir1m1u1mirm1r1tnl1 3 1951 002 064 719 6 .. ----,.,,,,.. ./f,."• ·-.....,