Prepared by Peter Truax Research Assistant, Macalester College Conducted on behalf of Windom Park Citizens in Action February, 2010 This report (NPCR 1311) is also available on the CURA website: www.cura.umn.edu/search/index.php Industrial Land Use and Environmental Impacts February, 2010 Neighborhood Partnerships for Community Research (NPCR) supported the work of the author of this work, but has not reviewed it for publication. The content is solely the responsibility of the author and is not necessarily endorsed by NPCR. NPCR is coordinated by the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs at the University of Minnesota. NPCR is supported by the McKnight Foundation. Neighborhood Partnerships for Community Research 330 Hubert H. Humphrey Center 301 - 19th Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55455 phone: 612/625-1020 e-mail: ksn@umn.edu website: http://www.npcr.org Industrial Land Use and Environmental Impacts A GIS Study of The East Side of Minneapolis Fall 2009 By Peter Truax, Macalester College „10 In conjunction with the Windom Park Citizens in Action Organization And the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs 2 Table of Contents Page Section I - Executive Summary 3 Section II - Analysis of Maps 4 Map 1 - Reference Map 5 Citywide Maps Map 2 - Industrial Properties 7 Map 3 - Industrial Parcels by Neighborhood 8 Map 4 - Industrial Acreage by Neighborhood 10 East Side Maps Map 5 - Industrial Properties 13 Map 6 - Industrial Parcels by Neighborhood 14 Map 7 - Industrial Acreage by Neighborhood 16 Map 8 - Average Industrial EMV by Neighborhood 18 Map 9 - Total Industrial Tax Capacity by Neighborhood 20 Map 10 - EMV by Property 22 Map 11 - Sites of Environmental Concern 24 Map 12 - Sites of Environmental Concern on Industrial Properties 25 Map 13 - Sites of Environmental Concern on Non-Industrial Properties 26 Map 14 - Air Pollution Sites 29 Map 15 - Air Pollution Sites on Industrial Properties 30 Map 16 - Air Pollution Sites on Non-Industrial Properties 31 Map 17 - Large Quantity Hazardous Waste Generators 33 Map 18 - Large Quantity Hazardous Waste Generators on Industrial Properties 34 Map 19 - Large Quantity Hazardous Waste Generators on Non-Industrial Properties 35 Map 20 - Proportionality of Large Quantity Hazardous Waste Generators 37 Map 21 - Proportionality of Large Quantity Hazardous Waste Generators on Industrial Properties 38 Map 22 - Proportionality of Large Quantity Hazardous Waste Generators on Non-Industrial Properties 39 Map 23 - Minimal to Small Quantity Hazardous Waste Generators 41 Map 24 - Minimal to Small Quantity Hazardous Waste Generators on Industrial Properties 42 Map 25 - Minimal to Small Quantity Hazardous Waste Generators on Non-Industrial Properties 43 Map 26 - Leak Sites 45 Map 27 - Leak Sites on Industrial Properties 46 Map 28 - Leak Sites on Non-Industrial Properties 47 Map 29 - Landfill, Petroleum Brownfield and Solid Waste Sites 57 Map 30 - Landfill, Petroleum Brownfield and Solid Waste Sites on Industrial Properties 58 Map 31 - Landfill, Petroleum Brownfield and Solid Waste Sites on Non-Industrial Properties 59 Map 32 - Cleanup Sites 61 Map 33 - Cleanup Sites on Industrial Properties 62 Map 34 - Cleanup Sites on Non-Industrial Properties 63 Map 35 - Sites of Environmental Concern by Neighborhood 65 Section III - Conclusions 67 Section IV - Recommendations for Further Research 68 Section V - Acknowledgements 68 Addendum – Residential Properties Buffer 69 3 Section I - Executive Summary This research project has focused on mapping industrial land use patterns in The East Side of Minneapolis. Additionally, this project has examined the relationship between industrial land use and the environmental impacts that they have had on the area. This project illustrates that The East Side is home to the majority of all industrial and utility properties in the city of Minneapolis, with approximately 61% of overall parcels and 64% of overall acreage in the city. The East Side has 37% of its zoning dedicated to industrial land use. Environmentally, The East Side has 827 sites of environmental concern as listed by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. The neighborhoods that are most impacted by industry, both in terms of land usage and in terms of environment are the Mid-City Industrial District, Como, Columbia Park, Marshall Terrace and Prospect Park/East River Road neighborhoods. 4 Section II – Analysis of Maps Section II examines the 35 maps produced for this project on subjects ranging from the overall parcel distribution of industrial and utility properties in The East Side to the geographic distribution of sites of environmental concern. Each map was produced primarily using data from Hennepin County, as well as data from the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the Metropolitan Council. To determine industrial land use, this project used parcel data from April 2009 provided by Hennepin County. From the parcel data, industrial land use was selected based upon the criteria of parcel usage description being either industrial, vacant industrial or utility. Utilities include telephone infrastructure, pump stations, railroads, electrical power generating stations, and other such infrastructural buildings and sites. To examine environmental impacts, this project used point data specific to The East Side, collected from the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. All mapmaking aspects of the project were done using ArcGIS software. The environmental impacts of industry in The East Side were determined using point data of sites of environmental concern from the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. Sites of environmental concern were categorized based on activity into six general fields: air pollution sites, tank leak sites, large-quantity generators of hazardous waste, small- or minimal-quantity generators of hazardous waste, dump sites, and cleanup sites. Each of these categories has three corresponding maps, divided into overall point distribution, and point distribution according to industrial or non-industrial properties. 5 Map 1 6 Map 1 illustrates the geographic distribution of industrial properties in The East Side. Occupied industrial properties are highlighted in yellow. Vacant industrial properties, i.e., properties that are designated as „industrial‟ in their usage description but are not currently operational, are highlighted in orange. Utilities, including telephone infrastructure, railroad, highway-related infrastructure, and other infrastructural properties, are highlighted in red. Residential properties are highlighted in light pink, and commercial properties are highlighted in purple. 7 Map 2 8 Map 3 9 Map 3 illustrates the distribution by neighborhood of the industrial and utility parcels in Map 2, as a percentage of the total parcels in a neighborhood. Distributed by parcels per neighborhood, industrial and utility land use is concentrated most heavily in The East Side, as well as the two industrial districts in North Minneapolis – Humboldt and Camden. Table 1 – Percent industrial parcels by neighborhood Neighborhood % Field 0.00 Page 0.00 Jordan 0.00 Loring Park 0.00 Hale 0.00 Keewaydin 0.00 Armatage 0.00 Shingle Creek 0.00 Wenonah 0.00 Linden Hills 0.00 East Harriet 0.00 King Field 0.00 Morris Park 0.00 Fulton 0.00 Lynnhurst 0.00 Regina 0.00 Windom Park 0.00 Standish 0.00 ECCO 0.00 CARAG 0.00 West Calhoun 0.00 Folwell 0.00 Corcoran 0.00 Bryant 0.00 Waite Park 0.04 Powderhorn Park 0.04 Minnehaha 0.05 Audubon Park 0.05 Central 0.05 Northrop 0.05 Kenny 0.06 Lyndale 0.06 Cedar - Isles - Dean 0.07 Bancroft 0.07 Cleveland 0.08 East Isles 0.09 Steven's Square - Loring Heights 0.12 Tangletown 0.13 Cooper 0.13 Diamond Lake 0.18 Willard - Hay 0.18 Lowry Hill 0.19 Ericsson 0.21 Downtown West 0.42 Kenwood 0.51 Elliot Park 0.60 Lind - Bohanon 0.62 Midtown Phillips 0.66 Whittier 0.76 St. Anthony East 0.77 Howe 0.78 Victory 0.80 Lowry Hill East 0.82 Webber - Camden 0.83 Hiawatha 1.20 Downtown East 1.23 Nicollet Island - East Bank 1.27 Phillips West 1.38 Cedar Riverside 1.68 Holland 1.78 Windom 1.98 Ventura Village 2.06 Bryn - Mawr 2.35 Sumner - Glenwood 2.53 McKinley 2.59 St. Anthony West 2.62 North Loop 2.86 Sheridan 3.02 Marcy Holmes 3.63 East Phillips 3.67 Longfellow 4.32 Near - North 5.14 Hawthorne 5.43 Seward 5.47 Prospect Park - East River Road 5.95 Logan Park 6.27 Bottineau 6.62 Como 7.12 University of Minnesota 9.02 Beltrami 9.76 Columbia Park 9.76 Northeast Park 10.1 2 Harrison 10.1 3 Marshall Terrace 14.2 4 Camden Industrial 32.9 7 Mid - City Industrial 40.0 4 Humboldt Industrial Area 77.7 8 10 Map 4 11 Map 4 illustrates the distribution of industrial and utility acreage in the city of Minneapolis. The list below highlights the statistical distribution of industrial and utility acreage in Minneapolis, with four of the five highest acreage neighborhoods being in The East Side. Table 2 – Industrial acreage by neighborhood Neighborhood Acres Kenny 0.00 Ericsson 0.00 Field 0.00 Page 0.00 Cedar Riverside 0.00 Jordan 0.00 Willard - Hay 0.00 Loring Park 0.00 Steven's Square - Loring Heights 0.00 Minnehaha 0.00 Diamond Lake 0.00 Cooper 0.00 Tangletown 0.00 Hale 0.00 Keewaydin 0.00 Armatage 0.00 Shingle Creek 0.00 Webber - Camden 0.00 Cleveland 0.00 Wenonah 0.00 Linden Hills 0.00 East Harriet 0.00 King Field 0.00 Morris Park 0.00 Fulton 0.00 Lynnhurst 0.00 Regina 0.00 Northrop 0.00 Windom Park 0.00 Bancroft 0.00 Standish 0.00 ECCO 0.00 CARAG 0.00 West Calhoun 0.00 St. Anthony East 0.00 Cedar - Isles - Dean 0.00 Kenwood 0.00 Lowry Hill 0.00 East Isles 0.00 Folwell 0.00 Waite Park 0.00 Lyndale 0.00 Central 0.00 Corcoran 0.00 Bryant 0.00 Audubon Park 0.37 Powderhorn Park 0.55 Downtown West 0.64 Elliot Park 1.25 University of Minnesota 1.87 Midtown Phillips 2.79 Nicollet Island - East Bank 2.85 Phillips West 3.42 Ventura Village 3.87 Lowry Hill East 4.59 Sumner - Glenwood 5.25 Lind - Bohanon 8.63 Whittier 9.15 Sheridan 11.79 Victory 12.07 Downtown East 16.81 Hiawatha 16.84 Holland 18.11 St. Anthony West 18.72 Bottineau 18.98 Bryn - Mawr 19.66 Beltrami 19.96 Howe 23.75 Windom 27.51 East Phillips 31.84 Camden Industrial 34.44 Logan Park 42.14 McKinley 45.73 Harrison 61.69 Longfellow 64.15 Northeast Park 66.10 Marcy Holmes 67.31 Seward 69.84 North Loop 80.37 Near - North 90.88 Hawthorne 95.26 Prospect Park - East River Road 95.33 Marshall Terrace 109.62 Humboldt Industrial Area 136.99 Columbia Park 231.91 Como 290.05 Mid - City Industrial 373.74 12 Comparing the two maps, 3 and 4, to one another, industrial and utility properties tend to be clustered most heavily in The East Side. Statistically, 61.20% of all industrial and utility acreage is located in The East Side, while 64.66% of all industrial and utility parcels are located in The East Side. 13 Map 5 14 Map 6 15 Map 6 illustrates the percentage of industrial and utility parcels by neighborhood, based on the total number of parcels in The East Side. Because of the higher number of total industrial and utility parcels amid a relatively lower number of total parcels, the values are different in this map than in Map 3. Table 3 – The East Side industrial parcels and percent of total parcels by neighborhood Neighborhood Parcels % Como 128 13.26 Prospect Park - East River Road 104 10.78 University of Minnesota 17 1.76 Bottineau 32 3.32 Holland 27 2.80 Audubon Park 1 0.10 Mid - City Industrial 210 21.76 Sheridan 32 3.32 Logan Park 48 4.97 Windom Park 0 0.00 Northeast Park 38 3.94 St. Anthony West 19 1.97 St. Anthony East 5 0.52 Beltrami 44 4.56 Nicollet Island - East Bank 22 2.28 Marcy Holmes 66 6.84 Columbia Park 85 8.81 Waite Park 1 0.10 Marshall Terrace 86 8.91 Sum 965 100 Among the neighborhoods of The East Side, the Mid-City Industrial District, Prospect Park/East River Road, Como, Marshall Terrace and Columbia Park neighborhoods have the highest proportion of industrial and utility parcels in the area, with a combined total of 64.52% of all industrial parcels. Additionally, these five neighborhoods make up a full 33.59% of all industrial and utility parcels in the city of Minneapolis, once again reflecting the high proportionality of industry and utilities in The East Side compared to the rest of Minneapolis. 16 Map 7 17 Map 7 illustrates the percentage of industrial and utility acreage by neighborhood, based on the total acreage in The East Side. As with Map 6, the values in this Map are different than in Map 4, because of the change of scale and scope. Table 4 – The East Side industrial acreage and percent of total by neighborhood Neighborhood Total Acreage Industrial and Utility Acreage % Industrial and Utility Como 721.23 530.40 73.54 Prospect Park - East River Road 815.05 388.66 47.69 University of Minnesota 419.64 45.96 10.95 Bottineau 180.66 37.33 20.66 Holland 340.93 31.91 9.36 Audubon Park 426.29 0.37 0.09 Mid - City Industrial 673.20 466.07 69.23 Sheridan 246.33 18.48 7.50 Logan Park 197.29 63.36 32.11 Windom Park 385.62 0.00 0.00 Northeast Park 468.09 98.47 21.04 St. Anthony West 312.83 32.57 10.41 St. Anthony East 129.11 1.16 0.90 Beltrami 144.98 59.82 41.26 Nicollet Island - East Bank 160.25 16.21 10.12 Marcy Holmes 534.98 120.58 22.54 Columbia Park 958.26 788.66 82.30 Waite Park 565.04 19.81 3.51 Marshall Terrace 449.81 348.73 77.53 Sum 8129.59 3068.55 37.75 Table 4 highlights the distribution of industrial acreage throughout The East Side. In terms of acreage total, Columbia Park, Marshall Terrace, Como, Prospect Park/East River Road, and the Mid-City Industrial District have the highest values. Furthermore, as a proportion of all acreage in The East Side, 37.75% is devoted to industrial or utility usage. 18 Map 8 19 Map 8 illustrates the average estimated market value of industrial and utility properties by neighborhood. The state defines estimated market value as “the usual selling price at the place where the property to which the term is applied shall be at the time of assessment; being the price which could be obtained at a private sale or an auction sale, if it is determined by the assessor that the price from the auction sale represents an arm‟s length transaction.”1 Table 5 – Average Estimated Market Value of industrial properties by neighborhood Neighborhood Average Estimated Market Value Como $1,161,680.47 Prospect Park - East River Road $451,882.69 University of Minnesota $88,941.18 Bottineau $491,953.13 Holland $374,940.74 Audubon Park $625,000.00 Mid - City Industrial $1,241,484.29 Sheridan $258,231.25 Logan Park $633,958.33 Windom Park $0.00 Northeast Park $611,489.47 St. Anthony West $1,116,547.37 St. Anthony East $0.00 Beltrami $321,786.36 Nicollet Island - East Bank $103,136.36 Marcy Holmes $686,989.39 Columbia Park $870,715.29 Waite Park $0.00 Marshall Terrace $996,545.35 Overall Average $528,172.72 Table 5 breaks down the distribution of average EMV by neighborhood. The neighborhoods of Como, the Mid-City Industrial District, Saint Anthony West, Marshall Terrace, and Columbia Park are those with the highest EMV on average for an industrial property. 1 M.S. 272.03, Subd. 8 20 Map 9 21 Map 9 illustrates the total tax capacity of industrial properties in The East Side. Tax capacity is „a calculation of your share of property taxes based on market value and class rates.‟2 Table 6 – Total tax capacity of industrial properties by neighborhood Neighborhood Total Tax Capacity Como $5,389,843.00 Prospect Park - East River Road $1,694,230.00 University of Minnesota $52,482.00 Bottineau $560,676.00 Holland $354,592.00 Audubon Park $22,800.00 Mid - City Industrial $9,312,769.00 Sheridan $291,574.00 Logan Park $1,069,992.00 Windom Park $0.00 Northeast Park $822,674.00 St. Anthony West $759,970.00 St. Anthony East $0.00 Beltrami $505,094.00 Nicollet Island - East Bank $80,965.00 Marcy Holmes $1,662,464.00 Columbia Park $2,651,144.00 Waite Park $0.00 Marshall Terrace $4,820,528.00 Overall Average $1,581,673.53 Overall Total $30,051,797.00 Table 6 breaks down the distribution of total tax capacity by neighborhood. The neighborhoods of Como, the Mid-City Industrial District, Prospect Park/East River Road, Marshall Terrace, and Columbia Park are those with the highest total tax capacity on average for their industrial properties. 2 City of Minneapolis Assessor’s Office 22 Map 10 23 Map 10 illustrates the specific estimated market value of industrial properties in the East Side. The purpose of Maps 8, 9 and 10 is to illustrate the value of industrial properties for the East Side. While it is easy to dismiss industrial and utility land use as being detrimental to the environment, it is also necessary to remember that industrial and utility properties do bring in revenue for the city and provide jobs for people. Unfortunately, the scope of this project does not examine the specific benefits of having industrial and utility in a neighborhood. Further research will have to be done on job statistics and tax revenues for industrial properties in The East Side to determine their positive impacts. 24 Map 11 25 Map 12 26 Map 13 27 Maps 11, 12 and 13 show the distribution of sites of environmental concern, according to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. Air pollution points, in light blue, represent a site which releases a measurable amount of polluting matter (particulate, volatile organic compounds, sulfur dioxide, etc.) into the air. Records from the MPCA only extend to 2007. HWLQG, or Hazardous Waste – Large Quantity Generator, in pink, represents a site which produces at least 1,000 kg of hazardous waste of at least 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste per calendar month. Records from the MPCA only extend to 2008. HWSMQG, or Hazardous Waste – Small to Minimal Quantity Generator, in blue, represents a site which produces less hazardous waste than a large quantity generator. Landfills, petroleum brownfields, and solid waste sites are in dark blue. Landfills are specially engineered sites for disposing of solid waste on land, constructed so that it will reduce hazard to public health and safety. Petroleum brownfields are sites that have been contaminated by chemical discharges (in this case, petroleum) in such a way that it complicates development, expansion or reuse. Solid waste sites include facilities that manage solid waste (household or business garbage). Among the types of facilities included are landfills, transfer stations, demolition landfills, composting facilities and solid waste incinerators. Leak sites, in light green, are sites where storage tanks have at some point leaked their contents, either into the surrounding soil if underground, or onto the ground or air if above ground. VIC, RCRA, CERLCIS and Superfund sites are in dark green. VIC sites, or Voluntary Investigation and Cleanup are sites where a property owner has agreed to voluntarily investigate and, if necessary, clean up contaminated land to facilitate its sale, financing or redevelopment. RCRA, or Resource Conservation and Recovery Act sites are hazardous waste generators that had an actual or potential release requiring investigation and/or cleanup. CERCLIS, or Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Information System sites are suspected hazardous waste sites. CERCLIS sites are candidates for addition to the federal and state Superfund lists. Superfund sites are clean up sites where past, improper disposal of hazardous substances caused soil and ground water contamination. 28 Table 7 – Sites of Environmental Concern in The East Side Category Total Industrial Non-Industrial Sites of Environmental Concern 827 494 335 Air Pollution 34 24 10 HWSMQG 556 293 263 HWLQG 17 12 5 Leak Sites 85 61 24 Landfills 3 1 2 Petroleum Brownfields 1 1 0 Solid Waste Dumps 2 2 0 VIC Sites 111 80 31 RCRA Sites 1 1 0 CERCLIS Sites 9 9 0 Superfund Sites 8 8 0 The East Side has a total of 827 sites of environmental concern, almost 60% of which are located on industrial or utility properties, while just under 40% are located on non-industrial sites. These non-industrial sites may be commercial activities that produce hazardous waste or whose activities necessitate having hazardous materials on site (gas stations, hospitals, etc.) Additionally, these non-industrial sites may have once been industrial, but have since been reclassified as non-industrial since any incident might have occurred. 29 Map 14 30 Map 15 31 Map 16 32 Maps 14, 15 and 16 illustrate the geographic distribution of sites of air pollution in the East Side. Of 36 total sites, 24 are on industrial or utility properties and 10 are on non-industrial properties. Table 8 – Air pollution sites in The East Side Name Address Status Land O'Lakes - Minneapolis 2300 Kennedy St NE 55413 Active Aaron Carlson Corp 1505 Central Ave 55413 Active Bemistape 2705 University Ave NE 554182795 Active Burdick Grain - Calumet 651 24th Ave SE 55414 Active American Spirit Graphics Corp 801 9th St SE 55414 Active Packaging Corporation of America 1821 Marshall St NE 554184210 Active Minneapolis Water Works - East Side Yard 935 5th Ave SE 55414 Active Consolidated Container Co 109 27th Ave NE 55418 Active Skyway Event Services 1809 E Hennepin Ave 55413 Active Techne/R & D Systems Inc 614 McKinley Pl NE 55413 Active Broadway EZ Stop 1617 Broadway St NE 55413 Active Xcel Energy - Riverside Generating Plant 3100 Marshall St NE 55418 Active Kohl & Madden Printing Ink Corp 782 29th Ave SE 55414 Active Pechiney Plastic Packaging Inc - Mpls 150 26th Ave SE 55414 Active Prospect Foundry Inc 1225 Winter St NE 55413 Active Excel Metal Finishing Inc 2501 NE Winter St 55413 Active Greatbatch - Globe Tool Inc 730 24th Ave SE 55414 Active Ritrama Inc 800 Kasota Ave SE 55414 Active Immedia 3311 Broadway St NE 55413 Active General Mills Operations Inc - Purity 1201 Jackson St NE 554131579 Active Harbinger Industries Inc 3310 NE 5th St 55418 Inactive Frank Paxton Lumber Co 722 Kasota Cir SE 55414 Active ADM Malting - Mpls - Kurth Elevator 530 25th Ave SE 55414 Inactive Delmar Elevator 530 25th Ave SE 55414 Inactive Shriner's Hospital 2025 E River Rd 554143696 Active HC Osvold Co 2828 University Ave SE 554143212 Active Atlas Manufacturing Div of Meribel 2950 Weeks Ave SE 55414 Active Central Avenue Auto Body Inc 2628 Central Ave NE 554182911 Active Mackay Envelope Co LLC 2100 Elm St SE 55414 Active Burdick Grain - Marquette 2300 Marshall Ave SE 55414 Active Qwest Communications - 12075 600 Stinson Blvd 55413 Active Ryerson Inc - Coon Rapids 455 85th Ave NW 55433 Active 400/500 Stinson Blvd 400 Stinson Blvd 55416 Active OMNI Refurbishing 2700 Winter St NE Ste 200 55413 Active 33 Map 17 34 Map 18 35 Map 19 36 Maps 17, 18 and 19 illustrate the geographic distribution of large quantity hazardous waste generators. Of 17 total sites in The East Side, 12 are on industrial or utility properties, while 5 are on non-industrial properties. Table 9 – Large quantity hazardous waste generators in The East Side Name Address University of MN - Boynton Health Service W140 Boynton Health Service 55455 Universal Plating Rust Proofing 1900 Monroe St NE 554184586 PACE Analytical Services Inc 1700 Elm St SE Ste 200 55414 Consolidated Container Company 215 27th Ave NE 55418 U of M Medical Ctr - University Campus Harvard St SE at River Rd E 55414 Kurt Manufacturing Inc - Quincy St 1325 Quincy St NE 55413 Univar USA Inc - Minneapolis 111 22nd Ave NE 55418 Hard Chrome Inc 2631 2nd St NE 55418 Technical Center - Graco 88 11th Ave NE 554131829 Hawkins Inc - Minneapolis 3100 E Hennepin Ave 55413 Pechiney Plastic Packaging Inc - Mpls 150 26th Ave SE 55414 Superior Plating Inc 315 1st Ave NE 55413 Graco Minnesota Inc - Riverside 1024 Sibley St NE 55413 Twin City Plating 641 Hoover St NE 55413 Minnesota Metal Finishing Inc - Plant 1 909 Winter St NE 55413 Ritrama Inc 800 Kasota Ave SE 55414 Interplastic Corp - Minneapolis Plant 2015 Broadway St NE 55413 37 Map 20 38 Map 21 39 Map 22 40 Maps 20, 21 and 22 illustrate the proportion of hazardous waste produced at each of the 17 large quantity generators in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Table 10 – Characteristics of large quantity hazardous waste generators in The East Side Name 2006 (lbs) 2007 (lbs) 2008 (lbs) Primary Chemical(s) University of MN - Boynton Health Service 205,147 220,516 178,216 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS Universal Plating Rust Proofing 25,250 39,900 21,950 HYDROCHLORIC ACID PACE Analytical Services Inc 42,265 52,976 66,914 METHYLENE CHLORIDE, ACETONITRILE Consolidated Container Company 47,605 38,940 38,650 TOLUENE, MINERAL SPIRITS, BENZENE U of M Medical Ctr - University Campus 26,910 30,477 33,586 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS Kurt Manufacturing Inc - Quincy St 19,606 275 1,280 CORROSIVE LIQUIDS Univar USA Inc - Minneapolis 2700 2375 7580 TRICHLOROETHENE, TETRACHLOROETHANE Hard Chrome Inc 218,100 176,080 137,814 ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES Technical Center - Graco 14,900 19,390 35,530 PAINT RELATED MATERIALS Hawkins Inc - Minneapolis 4,400 16,700 39,550 PROGESTERONE AND VITAMINS Pechiney Plastic Packaging Inc - Mpls 240,050 282,170 197,770 N PROPYL ACETATE, N PROPYL ALCOHOL Superior Plating Inc 434,050 393,450 455,500 CHROMIUM, CADMIUM, CYANIDE Graco Minnesota Inc - Riverside 70,480 40,300 33,550 PAINT RELATED MATERIALS Twin City Plating 80,055 67,805 148,837 HYDROCHLORIC ACID Minnesota Metal Finishing Inc - Plant 1 145,269 28,554 34,881 HYDROCHLORIC ACID Ritrama Inc 89,500 104,900 104,900 TOLUENE Interplastic Corp - Minneapolis Plant 339,530 276,301 302,364 MALEIC ACID Sum 2,005,817 1,791,109 1,838,872 As Table 10 illustrates, these 17 sites produce roughly 2 million lbs. of hazardous waste annually. The top five producers of hazardous waste overall are Hard Chrome, Inc.; Boynton Health Service at the U of M; Pechiney Plastic Packaging, Inc.; Interplastics Corp.; and Superior Plating Inc. 41 Map 23 42 Map 24 43 Map 25 44 Maps 23, 24 and 25 illustrate the geographic distribution of small to minimal quantity hazardous waste generators in The East Side. Of 556 sites, 293 are located on industrial or utility properties while 263 are located on non-industrial properties. 45 Map 26 46 Map 27 47 Map 28 48 Maps 26, 27 and 28 illustrate the geographic distribution of leak sites in The East Side. Of 85 sites, 61 are on industrial or utility properties and 24 are on non-industrial properties. 49 Table 11 – Name and address of leak sites Name Address Federal Express Corp - MIC 2425 Kennedy St NE 55413 Brinks Inc 950 13th Ave NE 554131587 US Postal Service Twin Cities Metro Hub 3501 Broadway St NE 554139998 Harmony Scenic Studios 1414 Marshall St NE 554131040 Hillcrest Development 1515 Central Ave NE 55413 Hennepin County HHW - Washington St NE 1809 Washington St NE 55418 Valmont/Applied Coating Technology - 3 3225 Columbia Ave NE 55418 Superamerica #4185 1816 37th Ave NE 55421 Crown Coco Inc 1717 Broadway St NE 55413 Star Iron Works 357 Ulysses St NE 554132602 Target Electronic Repair Center 701 Industrial Blvd NE 55413 Sears Roebuck & Co 8702 2700 Winter St NE 554132945 Ameripride Property 700 Industrial Blvd Lewis Bolt & Nut Demo & Interim Grading 504 Malcolm Ave SE 55415 CNW East Minneapolis Yard 2000 Elm St 55414 Cedar Towing - Como Ave 3200 Como Ave SE 55414 The Hustad Co - Coolidge St 454 Coolidge St NE 55413 Rex Dist Inc 3225 Spring St Pitman Moore Inc 620 Malcolm Ave SE 55414 H Brooks & Co 2521 E Hennepin Ave 55413 Minnpar Inc 900 SE 6th Ave 55414 Walcher Transfer 630 Arthur St Nabisco Sales Branch Facility 749 Stinson Blvd 55413 Chippewa Spring 122 SE 8th St Kurt Manufacturing Co 211 Saint Anthony Blvd Peavey - Mpls - Electric Steel Elevator 600 25th Ave SE 55414 Federal Abrasive Products Company 437 Harding St NE 554132801 Immedia 3311 Broadway St NE 55413 Shamrock Properties 1500 Jackson St NE US Postal Service - Mpls Vehicle Maint 1144 Fillmore St NE 554131613 General Mills Operations Inc - Purity 1201 Jackson St NE 554131579 Formerly Pump N Munch 2514 Broadway St NE Formerly E Z Serve 2955 Marshall St NE Burlington Northern Rr - Mpls Junction 401 Harrison St NE 554132408 Twin City Die Castings Co 1070 33rd Ave SE 55414 Scherer Brothers Lumber 9 9th Ave NE 55413 UPS - NE Minneapolis 3312 Broadway St NE 55413 Electric Machinery Co Inc 800 Central Ave NE 55413 50 BNSF RR - Bridal Veil 650 29th Ave SE 55414 Marshall Concrete Products Inc 2610 Marshall St NE 55418 Murphy Warehouse Co 701 24th Ave SE 55414 Metal-Matic Inc 629 2nd St SE 55414 Metal Coating Co 3170 5th St SE 554143306 American Excelsior Company 3101 Talmadge SE 55414 Everfresh Food Coop 501 Huron St SE 55414 Factory Lumber Supply 445 Malcolm Ave SE 55414 Metal Coating Site 3170 SE 5th St Minneapolis Waterworks Dept. 935 5th Ave S E 55421 Labelle Moving And Storage 700 Central Ave NE 55414 Kronick Industries 3101 Hennepin Ave E 55413 Space Center Inc 451 W Industrial Blvd 55413 Pella Investments 660 680 Kasota Ave SE 55414 Harrison Street Property 347 Harrison St 55411 Delisis Restaurant 2119 Broadway Ave 55413 Land O Lakes 640 Mckinley Pallet Service Corp 1600 Fillmore St NE 55413 Property 650 25th Ave SE 55414 Cp Rail Collector Pan Area Shoreham Yard Property 650 25th Ave SE 55414 Delmar Elevator 620 Malcolm Ave SE Cp Rail Collector Pan Area Shoreham Yard Franks Auto Repair 2314 E Hennepin Ave Twins Stop and Go 641 Broadway St NE Rayvic Co (the) 1501 E Hennepin Ave Diversified Specialties Inc 712 15th Ave NE 55413 Minneapolis Schools Putnam 1616 Buchanan St NE 554131609 Larson Dental Office 1632 Washington St NE 554131336 Superamerica 4002 2430 Marshall St NE 554183327 Lowell's Auto Repair - Mpls 2500 California St NE 554183311 Johnson St Auto Service 2651 Johnson St NE 554183039 MPRB Columbia Golf Course 3300 Central Ave NE 55418 Smurfit-Stone Container Corp - Mpls 50 37th Ave NE 55421 SuperAmerica 4173 3357 University Ave SE 55414 Yellow Taxi Service Corp 127 1st Ave NE 554132201 Saint Josephs Church 1310 Main St 55343 Mannings Service 2404 Como Ave SE 554142648 U of M - Civil Engineering Bldg 156 500 Pillsbury Dr SE 55455 The Hustad Co - Central Ave 800 Central Ave NE 55413 51 Hillside Cemetery 2600 19th Ave NE 554184899 Permatite Manufacturing 712 15th Ave NE 55413 Mercil Bros Phillips 66 630 Washington Ave SE 554142916 Edison High School 700 22nd Ave NE 55418 Chateau Community Housing Assn 425 13th Ave SE Classic City Apartments 523 Oak St Former Waldorf Cleaners 942.5 Lowry Ave NE 52 Table 12 – Name, status and start and end dates of leaks Name Status Leak Start Date Leak End Date Federal Express Corp - MIC Active Brinks Inc Active US Postal Service Twin Cities Metro Hub Active Harmony Scenic Studios Active Hillcrest Development Active Hennepin County HHW - Washington St NE Active Valmont/Applied Coating Technology - 3 Active Superamerica #4185 Active Crown Coco Inc Active Star Iron Works Active Target Electronic Repair Center Active Sears Roebuck & Co 8702 Active Ameripride Property Active 7.24.2007 4.22.2008 Lewis Bolt & Nut Demo & Interim Grading Active 10.8.1992 5.28.1997 CNW East Minneapolis Yard Active 9.25.1989 12.06.2004 Cedar Towing - Como Ave Active The Hustad Co - Coolidge St Inactive 12.21.1990 7.1.1991 Rex Dist Inc Inactive 11.18.1992 7.31.1996 Pitman Moore Inc Active 10.7.1991 8.4.1992 H Brooks & Co Inactive 12.4.1996 1.9.2001 Minnpar Inc Active 11.6.1998 11.1.1999 Walcher Transfer Active 12.18.2008 2.6.2009 Nabisco Sales Branch Facility Active 3.2.2000 3.19.2001 Chippewa Spring Inactive 12.17.1991 4.27.1992 Kurt Manufacturing Co Inactive 5.4.1994 8.2.1994 Peavey - Mpls - Electric Steel Elevator Active 6.18.1990 7.20.1992 Federal Abrasive Products Company Inactive 3.25.1993 7.20.1993 Immedia Active 10.20.2003 1.7.2004 Shamrock Properties Inactive 11.19.1998 12.31.2002 US Postal Service - Mpls Vehicle Maint Active 5.23.1996 9.17.1997 General Mills Operations Inc - Purity Active 2.22.1990 2.17.1998 Formerly Pump N Munch Inactive 11.8.1989 12.29.2003 Formerly E Z Serve Inactive 9.18.1987 12.19.1995 Burlington Northern Rr - Mpls Junction Active 7.7.1989 4.20.1998 Twin City Die Castings Co Active 12.11.1996 9.29.1997 Scherer Brothers Lumber Active 5.3.1989 4.17.1992 UPS - NE Minneapolis Active Electric Machinery Co Inc Active 9.30.1997 1.12.1998 53 BNSF RR - Bridal Veil Active 9.16.1992 4.4.1995 Marshall Concrete Products Inc Active 5.5.1992 12.8.1992 Murphy Warehouse Co Active 7.2.1990 5.1.1992 Metal-Matic Inc Active 10.17.2003 5.24.2004 Metal Coating Co Inactive 3.6.1996 5.28.1997 American Excelsior Company Inactive 7.25.1996 11.6.1996 Everfresh Food Coop Inactive Factory Lumber Supply Inactive Metal Coating Site Inactive Minneapolis Waterworks Dept. Inactive Labelle Moving And Storage Inactive Kronick Industries Inactive Space Center Inc Inactive Pella Investments Inactive Harrison Street Property Inactive Delisis Restaurant Inactive Land O Lakes Inactive Pallet Service Corp Inactive Property Inactive Cp Rail Collector Pan Area Inactive Property Inactive Delmar Elevator Inactive Cp Rail Collector Pan Area Inactive Franks Auto Repair Active Twins Stop and Go Active Rayvic Co (the) Active Diversified Specialties Inc Active Minneapolis Schools Putnam Active Larson Dental Office Active Superamerica 4002 Active Lowell's Auto Repair - Mpls Active Johnson St Auto Service Active MPRB Columbia Golf Course Active Smurfit-Stone Container Corp - Mpls Active SuperAmerica 4173 Active Yellow Taxi Service Corp Active Saint Josephs Church Active Mannings Service Active U of M - Civil Engineering Bldg 156 Active The Hustad Co - Central Ave Active 54 Hillside Cemetery Active Permatite Manufacturing Active Mercil Bros Phillips 66 Active Edison High School Active Chateau Community Housing Assn Active Classic City Apartments Active Former Waldorf Cleaners Active The data in Table 12 includes the activity status of all leaks. An active status indicates the leak is either ongoing or that the contamination from the leak has not yet been cleaned up fully. Incomplete data is available on the nature of these leaks. Further research will have to be conducted to more fully understand their impact. For sites with available information, Table 13 illustrates, where possible, the nature of the leak, the contaminating material, whether or not soil or groundwater was contaminated, and the nature of any cleanup. 55 Table 13 – Specific Leak Information Ameripride Property Corrosion - Steel Tank, Unsp. Qty of Diesel, Groundwater Contamination Lewis Bolt & Nut Demo & Interim Grading Unspecified Information CNW East Minneapolis Yard Unsp. Qty of Diesel, Groundwater Contamination, 1 Ton (800 cu. Yd. Soil Removed) Cedar Towing - Como Ave Multiple Leaks - 1) 1.19.1991 to 6.21.1991: Leaded Gasoline, unsp. Qty., no contamination, 107 tons soil removed; 2) 8.09.1989 to 3.7.1990: Unknown, unsp. Qty., no contamination, 5600 tons soil removed; 3) 9.1.1987 to 7.11.1991: Fuel oil, unsp. Qty, groundwater contamination The Hustad Co - Coolidge St Fuel Oil & Gasoline, groundwater contamination, 14 tons soil removed Rex Dist Inc Diesel, no contamination Pitman Moore Inc Unknown substance, no contamination, 55 tons soil thermal treatment H Brooks & Co Diesel, no contamination, 399 tons soil thermal treatment Minnpar Inc Fuel Oil, no contamination Walcher Transfer Diesel, no contamination Nabisco Sales Branch Facility Fuel Oil, no contamination Chippewa Spring Fuel Oil, no contamination Kurt Manufacturing Co Fuel Oil, no contamination Peavey - Mpls - Electric Steel Elevator Fuel Oil, groundwater contamination Federal Abrasive Products Company Fuel Oil, groundwater contamination Immedia Fuel Oil, groundwater contamination Shamrock Properties Fuel Oil, groundwater contamination US Postal Service - Mpls Vehicle Maint Hydraulic fluid, groundwater contamination General Mills Operations Inc - Purity Fuel Oil, groundwater contamination, 224 tons soil thermal treatment Formerly Pump N Munch Gasoline, groundwater contamination, 572 tons soil thermal treatment Formerly E Z Serve Gasoline, groundwater contamination, 140 tons soil thermal treatment Burlington Northern Rr - Mpls Junction Fuel Oil, no contamination, 490 tons soil thermal treatment Twin City Die Castings Co Fuel Oil, unsp. Qty., no contamination Scherer Brothers Lumber Fuel Oil, groundwater contamination, 217 tons soil removed UPS - NE Minneapolis Multiple Leaks - 1) 11.19.1988 to 10.2.1990: Diesel, no groundwater contamination, 1260 tons soil thermal treatment; 2) 5.31.1996 to 6.05.1999, gasoline, no groundwater contamination, 65 tons soil thermal treatment Electric Machinery Co Inc Fuel Oil, groundwater contamination BNSF RR - Bridal Veil Fuel Oil, no contamination, 35 tons soil thermal treatment Marshall Concrete Products Inc Diesel, no contamination, 133 tons soil thermal treatment Murphy Warehouse Co Mineral Spirits, groundwater contamination Metal-Matic Inc Diesel, groundwater contamination Metal Coating Co Gasoline, groundwater contamination American Excelsior Company Fuel Oil, groundwater contamination 56 57 Map 29 58 Map 10 59 Map 11 60 Maps 29, 30 and 31 illustrate the geographic distribution of landfills, petroleum brownfields and solid waste sites in The East Side. Of 3 landfills, 2 are on industrial or utility properties and 1 is on non-industrial property; and both the 1 petroleum brownfield site and the 2 solid waste sites are located on industrial properties. Table 14 – Landfills, petroleum brownfields and solid waste sites in The East Side Name Address Activity Union Pacific Road-Railer Intermodal 525 Kasota Ave 55414 Petroleum Brownfield Proposed Lock Up Storage Facility 1389 Industrial Blvd Landfill Nature Conservancy PBR 1313 5th St SE 55414 Landfill Malcolm Avenue Recycling & Transfer 630 Malcolm Ave SE 55414 Landfill Minneapolis-Lime 3660 Technology Dr 55418 Solid Waste Veit Container & Transfer Facility-Mpls 1025 33rd Ave SE 55414 Solid Waste 61 Map 12 62 Map 33 63 Map 13 64 Maps 32, 33 and 34 illustrate the geographic distribution of cleanup sites in The East Side. Of 129 sites, 111 are VIC sites, 1 is an RCRA site, 9 are CERCLIS sites and 8 are Superfund sites. Of the VIC sites, 80 are on industrial or utility properties and 31 are on non-industrial properties. All RCRA, CERCLIS and Superfund sites are located on industrial or utility properties. Table 15 –CERCLIS, RCRA, and Superfund sites Name Address Activity Paul E Hawkinson Co 1325 Winter St NE 55413 CERCLIS Site Metal Coating Co 3170 5th St SE 554143306 CERCLIS Site American Excelsior Company 3101 Talmadge SE 55414 CERCLIS Site Republic Creosoting Co See location description 55414 CERCLIS Site C.F. Trucking & Wintz Investment Co 3245 4th St SE 55414 CERCLIS Site Republic Creosoting Co See location description 55414 CERCLIS Site Dworsky Barrel Burner Site See Location Description 55418 CERCLIS Site Crown Iron Johnson St & Broadway Ne 55413 CERCLIS Site Soo Line Disposal Site Quincy St Ne & Saint Anthony Blvd 55418 CERCLIS Site Stewart Lumber Company 421 Johnson St NE 554132592 RCRA Portec-Pioneer 3200 Como Ave 55414 Superfund General Mills 2010 E Hennepin Ave 55413 Superfund Roe's Furniture 2303 Kennedy St NE 55413 Superfund McLaughlin Gormley King Co - Minneapolis 1715 5th St SE 554551503 Superfund Cedar Services 5th St Ne & 30th Ave Ne 55418 Superfund 2020 Broadway Street 2020 Broadway St Ne 55413 Superfund Superior Plating Inc 315 1st Ave NE 55413 Superfund Interplastic Corp - Minneapolis Plant 2015 Broadway St NE 55413 Superfund 65 Map 14 66 Map 35 illustrates the proportion of sites of environmental concern by neighborhood in The East Side. Table 16 – Total sites of environmental concern in The East Side by neighborhood Neighborhood Total Sites Como 126 Prospect Park - East River Road 109 University of Minnesota 18 Bottineau 14 Holland 23 Audubon Park 18 Mid - City Industrial 177 Sheridan 31 Logan Park 58 Windom Park 9 Northeast Park 37 St. Anthony West 10 St. Anthony East 2 Beltrami 13 Nicollet Island - East Bank 19 Marcy Holmes 62 Columbia Park 66 Waite Park 11 Marshall Terrace 34 Table 16 illustrates that the neighborhoods with the greatest numbers of sites of environmental concern are the Mid-City Industrial District, Como, Prospect Park/East River Road, Columbia Park and Marcy-Holmes. 67 Section III – Conclusions It has already been established that The East Side has the majority of industrial properties in the city of Minneapolis. To reiterate, The East Side has 61.20% of all industrial and utility acreage and 64.66% of all industrial and utility. In itself, The East Side is 37.75% industrial. However, this information only answers the question, “To what degree is The East Side industrial in nature?” It is also important to see which neighborhoods are most affected. Using a simple ranking system, it is possible to tell what neighborhoods have the highest numbers of industrial and utility land use, to what degree these properties help the neighborhood financially, and to what degree these neighborhoods are affected environmentally. Table 17 below illustrates this ranking. Table 17 – Rank Distribution of Neighborhoods in The East Side Neighborhood Total Sites of Environmental Concern Parcels Acreage Avg EMV Total Tax Capacity Overall Rank Mid - City Industrial 1 1 4 1 1 1 Como 2 2 3 2 2 2 Columbia Park 4 5 1 5 4 3 Marshall Terrace 8 4 2 4 3 4 Prospect Park - East River Road 3 3 5 11 5 5 Marcy Holmes 5 6 8 6 6 6 Logan Park 6 7 7 7 7 7 Northeast Park 7 9 9 9 8 8 Beltrami 15 8 6 13 11 9 Bottineau 14 10 10 10 10 10 St. Anthony West 17 14 12 3 9 11 Holland 10 12 14 12 12 12 Sheridan 9 11 15 14 13 13 Nicollet Island - East Bank 11 13 13 15 14 14 University of Minnesota 12 15 11 16 15 15 Audubon Park 13 17 18 8 16 16 St. Anthony East 19 16 17 18 18 17 Waite Park 16 18 16 19 19 18 Windom Park 18 19 19 17 17 19 Using this ranking system, it can be concluded that the neighborhoods most affected by industrial and utility properties are the Mid-City Industrial District, Como, Columbia Park, Marshall Terrace and Prospect Park/East River Road. Therefore, it would be productive to focus any further investigations on industrial land use impacts on these areas first. 68 However, it is also important to bear in mind that sheer numerical value does not necessarily imply greater affectedness, i.e. having more sites of environmental concern in one area than another. As Maps 20, 21 and 22 illustrate, single sites like large quantity hazardous waste generators can have a disproportionately large impact on the environment of their surrounding neighborhoods. Further investigation should be done in determining which sites affect which sites most acutely. The data presented indicates the present state of industrial and utility properties in The East Side. The policy of the city of Minneapolis does not currently preserve a net total of industrial zoning. In other words, if industrial properties are redeveloped into commercial or residential properties in one place, the city will not try to find more industrial space elsewhere. Simply, there will be less overall industrial zoning. Although, nonconforming rights allowed to property owners means that any existing industrial use can stay on their existing parcels indefinitely even if they are rezoned. Section IV – Recommendations for Further Research Further research on industrial land usage and their impacts in The East Side should be done in the following three areas. First, research should be done to determine the economic impacts of industrial land usage, specifically employment and revenue figures. Second, research should be done to determine which sites of environmental concern most affect the overall environmental quality of The East Side and its neighborhoods. Monitoring pollution discharges, such as air pollution or groundwater contamination from leakages, and determining the status of cleanup sites in the area would both be important avenues for research. Third, research should be done to determine both the historical nature of industrial development in The East Side, as well as investigating planned industrial development or redevelopment. Section V – Acknowledgements I would like to thank Gayle Bonneville of the Windom Park Citizens in Action Organization for her direction and help on this project. Also, I would like to thank Sara Bielawski and the staff at the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs at the University of Minnesota for their help and for allowing me the opportunity to do this project. I would like to thank Haila Maze, city planner with the city of Minneapolis for her help with zoning information, and Birgit Mühlenhaus of Macalester College for her help with GIS applications and data organization. 69 Addendum – Residential Property Buffers Table 18 illustrates the effect of buffering all residential properties within a specific distance of industrial and utility properties with acreage greater than 0.5 acres. Table 18 – Residential Properties and Percentages Near Industrial & Utility Properties Minneapolis East Side Minneapolis (Excluding East Side) Total Residential Properties 118,821 17,871 100,950 Outside of One Mile 18,820 0 18,820 % Outside One Mile 15.84 0 18.64 Within One Mile 100,001 17,871 82,130 % Within One Mile 84.16 100 81.36 Within Half Mile 72,696 15,884 56,812 % Within Half Mile 61.18 88.88 56.28 Within Quarter Mile 44,295 12,866 31,429 % Within Quarter Mile 37.28 71.99 31.13 This data reveals that of the 118,821 residential properties in Minneapolis, only 15.84% are outside of a distance of one mile from industrial and utility properties of 0.5 acres or greater. None of these properties are in the East Side. Within the East Side, 88.88% are within one half of a mile of industrial or utility properties, and 71.99% are within a quarter mile, compared to 56.28% and 31.13% for the rest of Minneapolis. Additionally, 81.36% of residential properties in the rest of Minneapolis are within one mile of an industry or utility property. Maps 36 and 37 display the geographic distribution of these properties. 70 Map 15 71 Map 16