The Demand for and Supply of Births: Fertility and its Life-Cycle Consequences
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The Demand for and Supply of Births: Fertility and its Life-Cycle Consequences
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1985-03
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Center for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Minnesota
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Working Paper
Abstract
This paper describes and implements a methodology for disentangling
empirically in households the biologically-determined supply of births from the
demand for births in order to assess the consequences of exogenous variations
in fertility supply for household behavior. The estimation problems arising
when there is heterogeneity both in preferences for family size and in the
biological capacity to bear children (fecundity) are illustrated with a
dynamic optimizing model incorporating stochastic fertility.
The methodology is applied to monthly longitudinal data
on contraceptive use, fertility, and female labor supply in the United States
from 1970-75. The empirical results indicate that more than ten percent of
the cross-sectional variation in the number of live births in the U.S. is
due to interhousehold variation in the exogenous supply of births. Biologically determined
fertility supply variation also significantly affects married women's
labor supply and earnings. Moreover, use of actual fertility as a proxy for
fertility supply results in underestimates of contraceptive effectiveness,
and to biased estimates of the consequences of exogenous variations in fertility
supply for couples' choice of contraceptives, for female earnings,
and for the labor supply of married women.
University of Minnesota,
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Discussion Paper
211
211
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Previously Published Citation
Rosenzweig, M.R. and Schultz, T.P., (1985), "The Demand for and Supply of Births: Fertility and its Life-Cycle Consequences", Discussion Paper No. 211, Center for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Minnesota.
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Rosenzweig, Mark R.; Schultz, T. Paul. (1985). The Demand for and Supply of Births: Fertility and its Life-Cycle Consequences. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/55434.
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