Three-dimensional anatomical modeling and printing in pediatric congenital heart disease: understanding and advancing clinical use and education

Abstract

Pediatric congenital heart disease affects about one in 100 children in the United States and worldwide. Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) range in anatomical presentation and severity, from clinically insignificant to life-threatening. Anatomical morphologies can also vary between patients with the same diagnosed disease state. Additionally, anatomical presentations of CHDs can be highly complex. Hence, patient-specific 3D anatomical models and prints have been utilized clinically for the treatment of pediatric congenital heart disease in order to aid in patient care. Thus, this thesis aims to: 1) review the US and worldwide landscape for clinical 3D modeling and 3D printing, particularly focusing on pediatric congenital heart disease; 2) evaluate direct clinical applications for patient-specific 3D models and prints of CHDs; and 3) investigate methods to expand access to 3D models and prints for CHD clinical education worldwide.