Undergraduate Honors Theses

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Winged Shadows: The Medievalist Dragons of A Song of Ice and Fire
(2025) Crowley, Siobhan;
Dragons are a central element of George R.R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire, heavily influencing the overall world in which the story takes place and intertwining deeply with several characters’ personal journeys. These dragons take much inspiration from medieval literature, with Martin adapting and reinterpreting these tales in order to explore questions relevant to contemporary society. Three modes of medieval resonance that are particularly salient are the presentation of dragons as corrupt rulers, as demons, and as monsters. In Germanic culture, dragons, as violent and solitary treasure-hoarders, represent the inverse of a good ruler, as generosity and support of one’s people were considered to be of the utmost importance. Later, when Christianity became more dominant, dragons were aligned with the Devil and agents thereof, as well as with non-Christian religions, and so used to encourage distrust and violence. And, in both a secular and a religious sense, dragons were presented as monsters, creatures that transgress social boundaries and so are considered unnatural or disturbing. In each of these cases, A Song of Ice and Fire begins with a representation that is highly consistent with the dragons’ medieval depiction, but these associations quickly grow more complex, as Martin examines the multifaceted nature of leadership, the political functions of religion, and how monstrosity is defined and bestowed upon certain people. Though it is not yet clear what the ultimate conclusion of the series will be or the role dragons will play in it, these modes of analysis hint at what may be to come in the narrative, as well as the thematic conclusions Martin is approaching for each of these topics.
Role of the AAV receptor in AAV cell entry and trafficking
(2025) Wang, Amy;
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as a promising delivery platform for gene therapies due to its relative safety and potential for long-term efficacy. However, the use of AAV is limited by its reliance on the cellular AAV receptor (AAVR) which is ubiquitously expressed, leading to broad tropism of AAV. Additionally, AAVR-binding residues on the AAV capsid are commonly recognized by the immune system, leading to neutralization of AAV vectors. Although AAVR is required for cell entry, its interactions with AAV are not well understood. Increased knowledge of the role of AAVR will allow for rational design of AAV capsids to improve safety and expand use while retaining function. This project asked whether the role of AAVR in transduction is passive, a means for AAV to enter the correct trafficking pathway; or active, where binding-induced structural changes are necessary. To this end, modified versions of AAV2 and AAVR which do not interact on their own were artificially targeted to each other through complementary peptide tag and nanobody insertions. Preliminary results demonstrate that artificial targeting does not rescue AAV transduction, suggesting that the role of AAVR may not be purely passive. However, further studies are needed to identify the step at which transduction is unsuccessful for the artificially targeted variants and how AAVR contributes to AAV transduction.
Deep Learning to Address Data Sparsity in Climate Change Monitoring
(2025) Vashishtha, Shridhar;
Accurate and continuous monitoring of terrestrial carbon fluxes, such as Gross Primary Production (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (Reco), is needed to fully understand and monitor the impacts of climate change. However, the existing observation systems, like the eddy covariance flux towers, are spatially sparse and very unevenly distributed, which leaves significant gaps in monitoring climate variables, especially in tropical regions, which are regions of critical importance for the global carbon cycle. This thesis addresses the challenges of data sparsity in climate change monitoring by using deep learning to predict GPP and Reco in unmonitored locations. A Concatenation Long Short-Term Memory (CT-LSTM) approach is presented in this work that uses temporally continuous inputs, vegetation indices from remote sensing (e.g., LAI), and static spatial metadata (such as latitude, longitude, and climate zone classification) to predict GPP and Reco in a zero-shot fashion. The model analysis is done using ensemble methods to provide uncertainty estimates. Experiments using CT-LSTM demonstrate that the approach presented in this work outperforms the baseline model, MetaFlux [1]. The results show the model’s potential for scalable, data-driven climate monitoring using machine learning techniques. This thesis contributes to a step toward more equitable and efficient climate observation frameworks, which are needed in this era of global climate change.
Political Coverage in the United States v. the United Kingdom: A Comparative Analysis
(2025) Robinson, Madeline;
Political polarization is rising and media trust is declining around the world, and many questions have emerged surrounding what role, if any, political news plays in impacting the public’s view of the media and their country’s political climate. The United States and the United Kingdom, two large Western democracies, have different political landscapes, with the U.S. having higher polarization and lower trust in the media than the U.K. Comparing both of these country’s political media can provide potential insight as to where problem spots in coverage exist, offer areas for improvement, and start working toward better news environments. This study examines how political coverage in the U.S. and the U.K. differs across 3 variables: visuals used, fact-checking techniques employed, and the tonality shown toward political candidates. A content analysis of 203 news articles from 3 U.S. publications and 3 U.K. publications was conducted to identify these differences. Results indicate that the types of visuals used differed significantly between the U.S. and the U.K., U.S. articles were more likely to include fact-checking in their coverage, and American news outlets had wider gaps in the levels of negative, positive, and neutral tonality exhibited toward political candidates than British outlets. These findings contribute to political communication, international journalism, and comparative journalism research by directly contrasting news coverage between the U.S. and the U.K., where research is more scant. The findings also can provide potential insight for future studies of how differences in media coverage affects the electorate.
Anti-Fandom Perceptions of Inauthenticity in a Celebrity Person-Brand
(2025) Jackson, Sofia;
Brand narrative elements, such as plot events and characters, orient a consumer's understanding of the values and intentions of a person-brand. Consumers may develop expectations of a person-brand based on the brand narrative and repeated exposure. However, unmet expectations, violations of moral standards or perceived inauthenticity may drive consumers to develop negative attitudes toward a person-brand. By conducting a content analysis of an internet forum of anti-fans dedicated to a celebrity person-brand, this work examines the extent of the existence of authenticity violations (deception, ulterior motives and adulteration) within anti-fan commentary. Results indicate that perceptions of inauthenticity are related to negative off-brand behavior within plot events and characters because the narrative diverges from consumers’ expectations and moral standards. Considering the extent to which consumers rely on an emotionally resonant narrative to establish trust and a connection, findings suggest there is importance in maintaining brand consistency. The absence of adherence to brand narrative expectations may influence the development of NPSRs, leading to anti-fandom engagement. This work embraces the call for further research about anti-fandom from a multidimensional perspective. It expands prior understanding of the strategic dynamic between person-brands and consumers, and suggests anti-fandom as a consequence for when a brand narrative is perceived by emotionally attached consumers as inauthentic.
The Role of UX Design in Shaping Brand Identity
(2025) Longo, Elizabeth;
This study explores the intersection of user experience (UX) design and branding, emphasizing the critical role UX design principles play in shaping brand identity. Focusing on theoretical frameworks, such as consumer-based brand loyalty and user-centered design, this research investigates how UX elements like usability, accessibility, and design consistency impact brand identity. The fi ndings highlight how UX design not only enhances functionality, but also fosters emotional connections, driving long-term consumer engagement and brand loyalty. By bridging the gap between user interaction and brand identity, UX design emerges as a strategic tool for sustaining brand identity across digital contexts. This study aims to understand how UX design principles aff ect a brand’s identity.
How News Organizations Inform Their Readers of the Use of AI
(2025) Roessler, Amelia;
The journalism and the media landscape is facing increasing challenges as the wave of new digital technology and machine learning enters the news sphere. This study examines how media outlets inform their readers about AI and their use of AI, and further looks into whether these outlets maintain ethical guidelines regarding AI. A content analysis of the top 100 print news organizations and the top 50 online news outlets within the U.S. was conducted to identify codes of ethics, AI codes of ethics, and the use and restrictions of AI within the news organization. Results indicate that very few news organizations include language or ethical codes regarding the use of AI within news production and publication. Within the context of ethical guidelines in journalism, this finding suggests a need for further codes of ethics surrounding the topic of AI to be adopted by more news organizations. These findings contribute to the existing literature and media landscape research by illustrating how exactly AI in the news process is being understood by both news organizations and readers. They also have implications for policymakers and media organizations seeking to regulate use and restrictions of AI within the media.
Covering Counterculture: A Comparative Analysis of the Employment of Protest Paradigm Strategies By Mainstream and Alternative Twin Cities Newspapers During the Morrill Hall Takeover (1969)
(2025) Hadler, Calli;
This study examines how protest paradigm strategies were used in the coverage of the Morrill Hall Takeover (1969) by three mainstream and one alternative Twin Cities print newspapers. By analyzing the content of the newspaper’s coverage directly related to the protest in the months following the initial protest, this research explores protest paradigm theory within this context as well as the potential correlation between the employment of these strategies and the type of news publication– mainstream or alternative. The findings from the study indicate that all examined news publications used protest paradigm strategies in their coverage of the Morrill Hall Takeover (1969), to some degree. Furthermore, it was found that a correlation between the employment of these strategies and the type of news publication was dependent on the specific type of strategy being analyzed. These findings contribute to the understanding of the protest paradigm theory as it relates to historical protest movements in addition to understanding how coverage of protest may influence the collective memory of these events.This study adds to existing literature by evaluating the protest paradigm theory with regard to a historical protest event which allows the theory to be better contextualized within the broader history of journalistic coverage of protests.
Pride in Print: A Thematic Analysis of Queer Zines and Print Media from the Twin Cities
(2025) Wagen, Sommer;
Queer culture outside of the community’s coastal meccas of New York City and San Francisco has been largely unexplored. This study zooms in on the Middle U.S., specifically the Twin Cities, to paint a picture of queer culture in the northern metropolis that is paradoxically considered “flyover.” Using journalism as a function of culture, this study thematically analyzes five independent queer print publications, also known as zines, created between 1977 and 2023, and connects their artistic elements with cultural values identified across the artifacts. This study also examined how the artifacts portrayed these cultural values across time. The results show a thriving, multifaceted queer community that refutes long-held misconceptions of the Middle U.S. as a conservative hell bent on queer erasure. Throughout history, Twin Cities queer publications have sought to expand their communities as much as possible, aiming to reach people outside of the cities, the state, and even the country. Contemporary publications recognize how special their predecessors were and how fragile their history is, which has sparked a revival of queer print media. This study uniquely approaches media studies by uplifting alternative forms of journalism, emphasizing the artistry involved in journalism, and addressing a crucial gap in queer studies.
Mental Health Advertising on Social Media
(2025) Miller, Julia;
This study investigates the impact social media advertising of mental health apps has on user well-being, centering on the social implications of advertising to a broad audience across multiple media channels. While previous research has examined digital mental health interventions, few have compared individual mental health apps or explored the varying specifics of their advertisements. This study utilizes content analysis to examine the advertising characteristics of four widely used mental health apps, focusing on symptoms, tonality, message appeal, and support systems. The findings reveal that mental health app advertisements most frequently address anxiety symptoms, emphasizing rational appeals—such as therapist support—and a positive tone. However, these advertisements neglect less visible symptoms and essential support systems outside the app’s resources. This raises ethical concerns about whether these ads genuinely promote user recovery or prioritize financial gain. This contributes to the literature on psychology and advertising by encouraging discourse on the landscape of mental health app advertisements across media platforms. Ultimately, advertising has the power to shape consumer behavior and is centered on an ethical responsibility given to advertisers. As mental health issues become less stigmatized, it is vital that these ads genuinely benefit users.
Dynamic Wide-Baseline Stereo Vision on a Transformable UAV
(2025) Brogni, Anthony;
Stereo vision is used extensively in robotics for applications such as 3D mapping and obstacle detection. It can be employed on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for these purposes. However, a large baseline is often necessary to obtain depth estimates that are sufficiently distant for a UAV to react to obstacles in time. A wide-baseline stereo vision setup that takes advantage of the full wingspan of a fixed-wing UAV is a natural solution to this problem. However, the dynamic nature of such a system, especially due to wing deformation during flight, can present a challenging problem to solve. Ideally, the stereo baseline should be dynamic to account for these deformations. The work done in this area of robotics can be applied to an even more dynamic scenario: a transformable UAV with the capabilities of both fixed-wing and quadrotor flight. This paper addresses the problem of dynamic wide-baseline stereo vision on a transformable UAV platform. It details the design, implementation, and testing of a system that dynamically adapts to changes in both relative camera orientations and baseline. The system utilizes a model-based kinematics approach, incorporating the known geometry of the UAV and the current state of its servo-actuated joints to estimate the dynamic orientation and baseline of the cameras. This approach is then fused with a visionbased approach that involves estimating the essential matrix from SIFT features for a more robust recalibration approach in real-world scenarios. The ROS 2 middleware facilitates communication between the various software components of this project. All testing was conducted in a Gazebo simulation environment. The results demonstrate the system’s ability to generate disparity maps even with significant changes in the baseline and orientation of the cameras, validating the proposed dynamic stereo vision approach.
Role of the cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway in 4-Hydroxynonenal-Induced Cellular Senescence
(2024) Fish, Shayla;
The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is responsible for recognizing cytosolic doublestranded DNA and initiating an inflammatory response as part of the innate immune system. This pathway has been correlated with the development of cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells accumulate with age and a senescent phenotype is associated with chronic inflammation and numerous age-related diseases. There is a lack of research connecting the cGAS-STING pathway to cellular senescence initiated by endogenous inducers of senescence. Using the endogenously produced reactive lipid aldehyde 4-Hydroxynonenal (4- HNE) to induce senescence, various small molecule inhibitors to components of the cGASSTING pathway were used to further examine this connection. Murine stromal vascular fraction cells and IMR90 cells, an immortalized human lung fibroblast cell line, were cultured and treated with 4-HNE in addition with two different small-molecule inhibitors of cGAS-STING pathway components. Using immunoblotting and quantitative real-time PCR techniques, protein and mRNA levels were analyzed to assess cGAS-STING pathway activation and the presence of a senescent phenotype with and without inhibitor presence. The results show upregulation of numerous protein and mRNA markers suggesting cGAS-STING pathway activation, as well as evidence of a senescent phenotype in cells treated with 4-HNE. However, both small molecule inhibitors showed inconsistent results in preventing a senescent phenotype. The results suggest the possibility of a mechanistic correlation between the cGAS-STING pathway and cellular senescence, however future work is required to further examine this relationship in the context of 4-HNE.
Analysis of Wind-Driven and Water-Driven Transportation of Gross Solids in Urban Watersheds
(2023) Narváez, Natalie;
Watershed health is heavily influenced by urbanization and the export of associated pollutants such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) that leach into stormwater and accelerate the effects of eutrophication. In urban watersheds, gross solids materials have been shown to contribute significant amounts of P to stormwater runoff. Positive correlations have been identified between precipitation patterns and influxes of gross solids to stormwater runoff. However, the role of wind-driven transportation as a contributor of organic material to urban stormwater solids remains poorly understood in comparison to the role of water-driven transportation. Wind-blown leaf litter has the potential to travel beyond the hydrologically connected areas that bound much of the research on stormwater solids. To address this knowledge gap, a detailed analysis was conducted on identifiable tree material from gross solids samples captured at two different rain garden sites - one parking lot site and one residential street site - with low canopy cover in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan region in Minnesota, USA, to assess the possible mechanisms behind their deposition into the rain garden sites. It was assumed that material from outside of the watershed was transported by wind. Findings showed that material from outside the hydrologic watershed plays a significant role in the prevalence of gross solids, with an average percentage of 29% of material from outside the watershed and 71% from inside the watershed. Material from outside the watershed represented the majority of identified material from the residential street site. Material from within the watershed appeared to rise and fall along with precipitation patterns while material from outside the watershed appeared to fluctuate opposite them, suggesting that material from outside the watershed is more dominant in dryer conditions. Results of this study suggest that material from outside the watersheds represents a significant portion of leaf litter and other plant materials that constitute the organic fraction of urban stormwater solids.
Gertrude Bell: The Khatun Who Created Iraq?
(2020) Delahanty, Shannon;
This thesis will explore to what extent Gertrude Bell can be considered the architect of Iraq, considering her need to balance gender expectations and the personal beliefs of a 19th-century woman with interwar state-building apparatuses to create the Iraqi Mandate. By tying in her personal background as a historian and field trained archeologist, the structure and style of British museum culture and the state of global antiquities law can be compared to Bell’s approach to building the Baghdad Archeological Museum’s collection as a social and state shaping apparatus. Throughout this investigation, I will argue that her permanent place in political Iraqi history stems from her writing of the Review of the Civil Administration of Mesopotamia White Paper, her position as a political and social analyst, and her advisory relationship with King Faisal, while her efforts to create the definition of a centralized national identity through the national museum and public programming cements her in the state’s sociological history.
Modelling Dynamics in the Macroeconomy Involving the Relationship between Economic Growth and Crime Rates
(2023) Mardanyan, Hayk;
The relationship between economic growth and crime rates is often the subject of statistical analyses by agencies such as the World Bank and the IMF. These agencies estimate a negative correlation between crime rates and economic growth: in environments of economic prosperity, crime tends to be lower. However, there are not many theoretical papers exploring why this has to be the case, or whether there are any underlying determinants of the growth and crime rates. One interesting paper modelling these variables is Goulas, A. and Zervoyianni, 2015: they incorporate crime rates into a standard Solow model and split public spending into productive spending and unproductive spending, where the latter stems from criminal behavior in the society. They then get a steady-state equation for aggregate output which is a function of crime rates, among others. This is one of many recent theoretical papers that try to incorporate crime rates into a general macroeconomic growth model. My project contributes to the ongoing academic discussion on the subject, featuring a statistical model where crime rates and economic growth are correlated and there is causality in both directions. This model will be used to estimate the causal effect of growth on crime rates and crime rates on growth, as well as to investigate the causal effect of institutions on both crime rates and growth. The paper also entertains the possibility of a “spiral effect”: as crime rates increase, there is a smaller fraction of the population involved in productive activities, which reduces economic growth. This in turn results in even more people resorting to criminal activities because there are less economic opportunities available as a result of economic slowdown. On the other hand, as crime rates decrease, economic growth will be enhanced, which will create even more economic opportunities and reduce crime rates even further. The statistical model is estimated by using a panel dataset involving post-colonial economies from both the advanced, developing and underdeveloped categories, spanning the years 2000 through 2019. I will use an instrumental variable approach to estimate the causal effect of growth on crime rates and crime rates on growth, as well as to test for the directionality of the causal effect of institutions on both crime rates and growth. The importance of this kind of research is evident: if the institutions of an economy play an important role in determining growth and crime rates in equilibrium, this may suggest that foreign assistance and institutional exchange programs aimed at improving institutions in poorer countries can go a long way in helping them get out of stagnant macroeconomic conditions such as meager economic growth and high crime.
How Global Change Shapes Our World: Nitrogen and Salt Addition Affect Phytoplankton Morphology in a Small Freshwater Lake
(2024) Rodgers, Amanda;
Global environmental change has accelerated the deposition of nitrogen and salt into freshwaters. These changes affect the morphology of freshwater microbes, especially phytoplankton, which serve as primary producers for these ecosystems. Morphology reflects a microbe’s response to energy demands, selection, and environmental disturbance. In this pilot experiment, a handmade suspension device held samples from Cedar Bog Lake (East Bethel, MN) in three nitrogen conditions (17.6 mM NaNO3, 9 mM NaNO3, 0 mM NaNO3) crossed with two salt conditions (10 mM of NaCl or 0 mM of NaCl) plus a DI water control for BG11 media in triplicate on the surface of the lake for three weeks. I used flow cytometry to quantify community-level within-sample morphology using circle fit, area-based diameter (ABD) volume, aspect ratio, elongation, ABD area, compactness, particles/mL, and perimeter. A principal components analysis (PCA) revealed trait correlations between ABD area and ABD volume, and between circle fit, elongation, and compactness. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the first three principal components (highly significant, accounting for 94.89% of the total variance) revealed a significant effect of nitrogen and a marginally significant effect of salt on principal component three, but no effect of treatment on the first two principal components. Nitrogen had a significant effect on particles/mL but treatment did not affect any of the other morphological traits individually. These results indicate that climate change has a complicated effect on freshwater microbial morphology at the community level. Future studies should focus on long-term changes in morphology in the field, focusing on the effects of nitrogen.
When States Kill Their Own Citizens: Protest Repression Under Occupation in Kashmir
(2024) Rehman, Aleena;
The following study provides an analysis of the conditions under which a state chooses to repress protestors in the context of Indian-administered Kashmir. Three hypotheses were tested, all of which were informed by the theory that democratic states are more likely to repress their citizens when they are not seen as part of the central polity. I examined five different instances of protest in Kashmir, controlling for size and relative location, and for each I determined whether or not expressions of religion, ethnonationalism, or separatism were present in the protests, as well as the extent of repression or lack thereof. I then used statements made by government and security officials in order to analyze the impact of these three expressions on the extent of repression faced by the protestors. The case studies demonstrated that all three types of expressions are correlated with increased state repression, but separatism has the most support as a causal factor in increased protest repression. Government and security officials are inclined to justify repression against separatist protestors by citing the integrity and sovereignty of the state, while also placing an emphasis on the importance of Indian nationalism. Their statements also indicated a lack of tolerance for any expressions of nationalism that extend beyond Indian nationalism, while also deeming certain sentiments expressed in protests to be more acceptable than others.
Abstract Syntax Contextualization Framework for Debugging Attribute Grammar Specifications
(2024) Feraru, Matthew;
In this thesis, we explore an aspect of debugging attribute grammar (AG) specifications. AG frameworks in themselves are high-level languages that allow a programmer to specify the syntax rules and semantics of a new programming language. The debugging of AG specifications is often done by interactively traversing abstract syntax trees (ASTs) that represent a parsed program in a metaprogram. The goal of such debugging is to find AG specifications with semantic rules that observe correct inputs but incorrect outputs—the possible bugs of AG specifications we consider. For large programs, ASTs may be difficult to understand by a programmer; graphically rendering ASTs in a debugging interface is challenging and still does not make it straightforwardly easy to understand ASTs relative to source code. Resultantly, we propose a textual way to use source and source-like syntax to represent the location of a navigated-to AST node relative to its position in an entire AST and highlight any notable features of the tree, such as the application of rewrite rules. This contextualization framework of abstract syntax tree nodes has been prototyped to work on Silver [1] specifications, but it is applicable to any AG framework since it only relies on the core features of the AG paradigm itself.
Dynamic Modelling and Control of Exoskeleton Gantry Robot
(2024) Hajare, Eesha;
This thesis presents the development and analysis of dynamic model of an exoskeleton gantry used to perform brain studies in freely moving mice for neuroscience experiments. The dynamic of model of the exoskeleton gantry comprised of X and Y stages is developed, and relevant system characteristics like bandwidth and stability are studied using theoretical model to predict the system behavior. The predicted bandwidth of the open loop system is found to be 1.9Hz and 3.8Hz for the Stage X and Y respectively using the theoretical model. The open loop system was further verified experimentally using LABVIEW and an experimental model was generated using computer software. According to the experimental results, the open-loop bandwidth of the X and Y stages was found to be 2.3 Hz and 2.76 Hz respectively. Furthermore, the open loop system is also used to gauge the stability of the closed-loop and the gain and phase margin are studied for the same purpose. According to theoretical studies, it is expected that the bandwidth of the open and closed loop system is expected to increase with a decrease in payload. The gain margin and phase margin are predicted theoretically and verified experimentally are well above the determined threshold of 2dB for gain margin and 450 for phase margin, this ensures the stability of the closed loop exoskeleton system. Moreover, the closed-loop bandwidth of the system is predicted using the theoretical model and an admittance control framework is proposed. The predicted closed-loop bandwidth for the exoskeleton gantry is found to be 19.2Hz and 16.4Hz for X and Y stages respectively. Furthermore, preliminary experimentation of the gantry with admittance control implementation suggests a closed loop bandwidth of 46Hz for Stage X.
Human Facial Perception of Primates Through ERP Measurement
(2024-05-06) West, Abigail;
Several studies, some using electrophysiological methods, have examined the capacity of humans to perceive primate faces. Through subsequent data, humans are confirmed to be far more adept at recognizing human faces, and less skilled at recognizing non-human primate faces. However, comparative perceptual research utilizing non-human primate species as stimuli is limited. In this study, I utilized EEG technology to compare the amplitude and latency of the P1 and N170 components in adults when exposed to chimp, macaque, and human faces. I determined that chimpanzee faces result in a significantly higher P1 amplitude, as well as a faster N170 latency. Human faces, meanwhile, showed a significantly higher N170 amplitude. Macaque faces demonstrated a faster P1 latency. These findings support non-evolutionary mechanisms for facial processing. In addition, the results from the chimpanzee face trials align with previous literature regarding human perception of threatening faces. Overall, through the measurement of the P1 and N170 components, more insight could be gained in regards to human perception of different primate species.

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