Browsing by Subject "trauma"
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Item 1H-NMR Metabolomics Characterizes Transition From Ebb To Flow In A Porcine Model Of Smoke Inhalation And Severe Burn Injury(2018-06) Hendrickson, ColeBurn injury initiates a metabolic response that, even when treated, causes muscle wasting and organ dysfunction in burn patients as long as two years following injury. This increased metabolic rate, termed “flow” phase in burn physiology, is initially masked by low blood pressure and inadequate oxygen supply in burn shock, known as “ebb” phase. Our study examined the metabolic transition between the “ebb” and “flow” phases of burn recovery using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy in a porcine model of severe burn injury with additional smoke inhalation. We hypothesized the serum metabolomes of porcine subjects would be distinguishable by time point, and the changes in individual metabolite concentrations would characterize the shift from “ebb” to “flow” in burn physiology. Fifteen pigs received 40% total body surface area (TBSA) thermal burns with additional pine bark smoke inhalation treatment. Subjects were resuscitated and kept anesthetized until 72 hours post-burn or death. Arterial blood samples were drawn at baseline (pre-burn) and every 24 hours until 72 hours post-injury or death. The aqueous portion of each sample was analyzed in a 700MHz spectrometer and metabolite peaks were fit to spectra using Chenomx software. Thirty-eight metabolites were detected in 39 samples, and principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to separate samples by time point. 51.6% of metabolite variability was captured in the first two principal components. We found post-burn metabolomes of porcine subjects to be distinguishable by time point using 1H-NMR and principal component analysis. We also constructed a framework for non-lactic acidosis in resuscitated burn subjects that emphasized oxidative stress and increased fatty acid catabolism as root causes of organic acid accumulation. Further studies will be required to confirm and elaborate on the post-burn metabolic pathways suggested by this analysis.Item Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Trauma in Young Children - A Children's Mental Health eReview summary(2022-04) Michaels, Cari CThis teaching handout summarizes the research in the Children's Mental Health eReview issue "Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Trauma in Young Children". See full authorship.Item Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and trauma in young children: What we know and what we can do(University of Minnesota Extension, 2019-06) Lingras, Katherine; Greifer, Maya; Sheikh, Kiran; Fabre, BarbItem Arts Organizations and Their Impact on Adverse Childhood Experiences(2017-05) Clarke, KristineThe following three questions will be examined through this study. First, what role do arts organizations play in relation to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)? Second, do art organizations make any impact on individuals who have experienced ACEs? Third, do these organizations create this impact knowingly or unknowingly? Through examining six organizations it appears that arts organizations serve as efficient supplemental tools in helping individuals suffering from side effects of ACEs. By combining organizational efforts around mental health, rehabilitation, and social work with those of arts organizations, individuals are able to find a pathway or alternative communication method to expressing their emotions, fears, and demons that they have been trying to keep hidden. The research has also shown that art organizations are helping people confronting ACEs without knowing that the programming is indeed helping individuals facing ACEs. Through examining these questions the recommendation from this paper is for mental health, rehabilitation, and social work organizations to acknowledge how useful the arts can be for their patients and clients, and to seek out collaborations with these organizations.Item The Body Talks Back: An Embodied Expansion of Critical Consciousness(2019-07) Hamel, TracyIn this post-intentional phenomenological study, I investigated the phenomenon of critical consciousness taking shape for young people and adults engaged in a youth participatory action research project. Sixteen participants, including the author, collaborated to examine health, well-being, and barriers to health and well-being over the course of a six-week summer research project. I analyzed sources of post-intentional material including transcripts of work sessions, discussions, focus-group interviews, and my post-reflexion journal entries. Drawing on a neuroscience perspective (van der Kolk, 2014) and more recent considerations of Ladson-Billings’ (1995, 2006, 2014) culturally-relevant pedagogy (CRP)—especially her concern over the unequal attention paid to the development of sociopolitical consciousness (when compared to the attention paid to student achievement and affirmation of student’s cultural identities) in enactments of CRP. My research explores the brain-body connection and suggests that historical trauma (Menakem, 2017) lives in our racialized bodies and our social justice commitments and work cannot be addressed through our rational, thinking brains alone. This work suggests that an important part of fostering our own and one another’s critical consciousness involves recognizing, listening to, and learning from the information our bodies communicate. When we are able to notice the physical sensations we experience, process the emotions that we feel, and begin to notice when our bodies are and are not settled, we have initiated the necessary body work that must take place. This bodily-knowledge can be leveraged when coupled with our cognitive knowledge and skills to better understand ourselves and the world around us, while also better informing our decision-making and action-taking. This study has the possibility to attract the attention of adults who care for young people, youth-workers, and educators that may imagine another way they can be with, care for, and work alongside young people. It offers important insights for understanding how critical consciousness takes shape for both young people and adults; and it explores the ways historical trauma is stored within our racialized bodies and how we might metabolize pain to find ways to heal ourselves and be in new ways with one another in educational contexts.Item Brain Development & Traumatic Experience Presentation(University of Minnesota Extension, Center for Family Development, 2012) Thomas, Kathleen M.This presentation was presented in the joint University of Minnesota Extension Children, Family & Youth Consortium (CYFC) and Minnesota Association for Children's Mental Health (MACMH) Research to Practice Series. This particular day of the series focused on bridging research and practice in trauma: impact on children, families and communities and effective interventions. It took place April 24, 2012.Item Creating Trauma-Informed Systems of Child Welfare(St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Extension Service, Children, Youth and Family Consortium, 2011-03) Michaels, CariThis is the third issue in a series focusing on trauma and child welfare. This issue addresses systems-level changes that can help improve communication and service delivery and ultimately reduce trauma for children. The pool of literature pertaining to trauma-related systems change is limited. However, the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN) has identified several Essential Elements of Trauma-Informed Child Welfare Practice (http://www.nctsnet.org/nctsn_assets/pdfs/CWT3_SHO_EEs.pdf). To better understand how child welfare systems are incorporating these elements into their work, representatives from three different geographical areas were interviewed for this issue. Respondents represent different areas of expertise and utilize different lenses from which they view the child welfare system. Respondents were chosen because of their perspectives about what trauma-informed child welfare looks like as well as their knowledge of specific practices related to assessment, reducing traumatic symptoms, coordination of services, and public policy. This issue illustrates how child welfare systems are changing to better meet the trauma needs of children, with specific attention to policies and practices in MinnesotaItem Dual-Trauma Couples: Examining the Reciprocal Roles of Dual-Traumatic Exposure on Dyadic Functioning and Resiliency Processes(2020-06) Braughton, JacquelineExtant literature on traumatic stress has predominately focused on the exploration, identification, and treatment of trauma-related symptoms and diagnoses in individuals. In addition, conceptualization and examination of the role of traumatic stress exposure on couples have generally typified partners as comprised of one primary and one secondary trauma survivor (commonly referred to as “single-trauma couples” (STC). As a result, there are critical gaps in the examination of the lived experiences of dual-trauma couples ([DTC]; i.e., wherein both partners meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD or have a history of exposure to traumatic stress), and in understanding(s) of dual-traumatic exposure on couples’ functioning. The research presented herein aims to address these limitations and expand upon existing dual-trauma scholarship using a mixed methodology, two study approach. In the first study, I used cross-sectional data from the Relationship Evaluation Questionnaire (RELATE) to analyze and compare the relationship between (a) childhood trauma exposure (i.e., physical and sexual abuse, domestic violence) and (b) relational satisfaction and stability, and perceived partner flexibility in a non-clinical sample (n=4,308) of STC and DTC. Principles from the Couples Adaptation to Traumatic Stress (CATS) informed construction of latent constructs (i.e., trauma exposure, relational satisfaction, perceived partner flexibility) that comprised all six actor-partner interdependence models. Actor-partner effects indicated greater exposure to or frequency of childhood trauma had significant adverse effects on STC and DTC relational satisfaction and stability, and DTC perceived partner flexibility. Notable gender differences were found among both STC and DTC samples. Post hoc analyses illustrated that problems in child-rearing had a greater negative effect than childhood trauma exposure on DTC and STC relational constructs. In the second study, I focused on the DTC non-clinical sample from Study 1 and conducted a data reductive thematic analysis on dual-trauma female partners’ (n=822) and male partners’ (n=831) perceived relational strengths and weaknesses to ascertain individual and dyadic resiliency processes. Short-answer participant responses were taken from the Relationship Evaluation Questionnaire (RELATE). Eight salient processes that promoted and hindered couple resiliency emerged from the data, providing insight into the perceptions, behaviors, dyadic interactions, and past experience that may foster or hinder effective resilience in DTC. Further, findings corroborate extant literature and support a balanced (inclusion of adaptive and maladaptive interactions) conceptualization of DTC relational dynamics. Global implications of both studies illustrate evidence that dual-traumatic exposure has influence on relational constructs (i.e., satisfaction, stability, perceived partner flexibility) and couple interactions. Individual perception of trauma, as well as, the complex delineation of the influence of childhood trauma exposure and the role of daily stress within dual-trauma couples’ lives are discussed. Implications for clinical practice are also described. Future directions demonstrate the need for continued empirical studies to ascertain accurate reflection of the lived experiences of dual-trauma couples.Item An Empirical Investigation of Moral Injury in Combat Veterans(2015-09) Frankfurt, SheilaThe moral injury construct was proposed to identify and describe the deleterious impact of engaging in acts that transgress accepted boundaries of behavior during combat and that challenge one’s sense of self as a good person. These acts, labeled “transgressive acts,” are proposed to lead to a guilt and shame-based syndrome of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, demoralization, self-handicapping, and self-injury. Although the moral injury construct has been gaining clinical and popular attention in recent years, little empirical research on a frequently cited model of moral injury (Litz et al., 2009) has been conducted. The current study tested key tenets of this moral injury model using structural equation modeling (SEM) in a sample of combat-exposed male veterans (N = 190). Findings supported some assertions of this moral injury model. SEM supported the direct effect of transgressive acts on guilt, and the indirect effect of transgressive acts on suicidality and demoralization through guilt. An alternative configuration of moral injury wherein demoralization was a mechanism (not outcome) of moral injury fit the data adequately; transgressive acts had an indirect effect through demoralization on suicidality and PTSD. Limitations of the study include the use of cross-sectional data and limited measures of moral injury mechanisms and outcomes. We conclude with implications for future research for veterans experiencing moral injury.Item Exploring the Effects of Intergenerational Trauma and Parenting Strategies Among Second-Generation Vietnamese Americans(2020-12) Khuu, BelleThere are presently nearly 26 million refugees who have been forcibly removed from their homes as a result of war, mass violence, and political instability. These families in exile endure numerous adverse mental health effects during mass conflicts as well as after resettlement in the host country, affecting the individual and their family members and reverberating to generations. A small number of studies have begun to examine intergenerational trauma among Southeast Asian American refugee and immigrant families, including Vietnamese American families. This study sought to further explore the effects of intergenerational trauma through the second-generation Vietnamese American’s (SGVA) perspective. I employ interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) as the primary inquiry method to explore SGVAs’ perceptions of parental trauma’s effect on parenting. Eleven participants (8 mothers and 3 fathers) were recruited through a purposive sampling method and were interviewed for an hour to two hours through a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis yielded six themes of silence and disclosure, multiple traumas as part of daily life, SGVAs’ lived experience, first-generation Vietnamese Americans’ (FGVA) parenting shaped by culture and war, meaning-making of their family’s experience, and SGVAs’ multiple parenting strategies. The superordinate themes include the integral role of silence, the absence and desire for affection, and the contested spaces with multiple realities. The data offer insights into the lived experiences and meaning making of both affected generations. It explores how trauma continues to live on, manifests, and metabolizes the pain and suffering along with ways to cope and spaces to navigate in the world. The themes are discussed with provisions for clinical practice, policy, and further research.Item Historical Trauma and Microaggressions: A Framework for Culturally-Based Practice(St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Extension Service, Children, Youth and Family Consortium, 2010-10) Michaels, CariThis is the second issue in a series focusing on trauma and child welfare systems. This issue captures the presentation of Dr. Karina Walters on December 4, 2009 titled “Historical Trauma, Microaggressions, and Identity: A Framework for Culturally-Based Practice”, which was part of the Center for Excellence in Children’s Mental Health (CECMH) Lessons from the Field seminar series.Item How trauma 'gets under the skin': Biological and cognitive processes of child maltreatment(St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Extension, Children, Youth and Family Consortium., 2013-03) VanZomeren-Dohm, Adrienne; Ng, Rowena; Howard, Kamyala; Kenney, Molly; Ritchmeier Cyr, Lynde; Gourneau, Jessica; Michaels, CariThis is the fifth issue in a series focusing on trauma and child welfare. This review will discuss:the numerous ways trauma can affect biological and psychological (cognitive and emotional) responses to stress; how these alterations can induce behavioral changes that promote the development of mental health problems; and, how this information can be integrated into intervention strategies to help regulate stress responsivity in children experiencing trauma.Item The Impact of Trauma on Infants(St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Extension Service, Children, Youth and Family Consortium, 2012-01) Michaels, CariThis is the fourth issue in a series focusing on trauma and child welfare. This issue captures the presentation of Dr. Alicia Lieberman on May 12, 2010 titled “Child-Parent Psychotherapy in a Cultural Context: Repairing the Effects of Trauma on Early Attachment".Item The Impact of Trauma on Infants: A Children's Mental Health eReview Summary(2022-04) Michaels, Cari CThis teaching handout summarizes the research in the Children's Mental Health eReview issue "The Impact of Trauma on Infants". See full authorship.Item Intergenerational Continuity of Adverse Childhood Experiences in High-Risk Families(2015-08) Narayan, AngelaDespite the wealth of research on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in nationally representative samples and intergenerational maltreatment in high-risk families, no study has merged these concepts to examine the intergenerational continuity of ACEs in severely impoverished families. This study investigated intergenerational ACEs and the role of risk, promotive, and protective factors, including adulthood adversity, harsh versus effective parenting, and social support quality, in homeless parents and 4-6-year-old children. Parents (n = 107; M = 31.27 years, SD = 6.59, range = 20.01-49.47 years; 63.6% African-American, 12.1% Caucasian, 8.4% Biracial/Multiracial, and 15.9% other) completed the ACEs survey developed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention; measures on adulthood adversity, child ACEs, and social support; and observational assessments of parenting. Path analyses revealed direct effects of parent ACEs to child ACEs and partial mediation of adulthood adversity, but not harsh parenting, for intergenerational continuity of ACEs. Rates of prospective ACEs continuity were approximately 80%. Parental social support was a promotive factor for lower child ACEs. Findings emphasize the role of negative early experiences in the intergenerational continuity of ACEs, above and beyond adversity in adulthood. Providing resources to high-risk parents with histories of ACEs and improving parental support from partners may be promising strategies to deter generational trauma.Item Just Trash(2020-05) Campbell, AshleyJust Trash is a creative dissertation comprised of four personal essays that take on various questions of identity and empathy that arise when a non-binary bisexual woman grows up in a Southern evangelical, working-class home, an environment that is politically, religiously, regionally, and culturally so different from the one I currently inhabit. It also contains a scholarly introduction that explores the purpose of the memoir as a whole, as well as its origins; the functions and import of each chapter and the place of my memoir within the larger genre through looking at four key types of memoir with which it is in conversation: Southern memoir, trauma memoir, religious memoir, and queer memoir.Item One-on-one Trauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga sessions: A longitudinal examination study(2023-05) Dietrich, Kelsey MadisonTrauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga (TCTSY) is an evidence-based adjunctive somatic treatment for complex trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that can be used as a stand-alone session or integrated during psychotherapy in group or one-on-one contexts. Research on TCTSY delivered in group settings has found that this protocolized yoga intervention improves mental health outcomes in clinical samples. Although designed to be used in group or individual contexts, previous studies have focused only on TCTSY practiced in groups. This study examined the impacts of one-on-one TCTSY (i.e., one participant receiving TCTSY services not in a group TCTSY context) on anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and interoception over time. The Center for Trauma and Embodiment, the certifying body for TCTSY, emailed the study invitation to the TCTSY-Facilitator listserv monthly from April-November 2022. Facilitators currently offering one-on-one TCTSY shared the study opportunity with their clients. Ten clients (women n = 8; men n = 2; Mage = 44.80 years, SD = 11.91; PTSD diagnosis n = 9) who were currently participating in one-on-one TCTSY in the contexts of TCTSY only (n = 4) and TCTSY with psychotherapy (n = 6) completed Qualtrics surveys prior to each TCTSY session attended from June-December 2022. Results from linear mixed model analyses found statistically significant effects of time on improvements in the psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress and the interoceptive domains of attention regulation, self-regulation, and body listening. No statistically significant interaction effects of group by time were observed for any outcomes. Implications and future directions are discussed.Item Spanish Historical Memory as Archive in Carme Riera’s La meitat de l’ànima(2020) Diver, Collin SThis article takes up previous interpretations of the Spanish historical memory movement and applies the analogy of archive as well as archival work in order to differently recover events of a culturally traumatic past. While recognizing the importance of “archaeology” as a means of understanding this past, the term “archive” is complicated herein and applied as a methodology for conceiving inaccessible past events. Indeed, a lack of access to official state archives has inspired many to explore alternate means of understanding the past, which serve then as alternative archives. The reading of these archives may include the gathering of testimonies from relatives and contemporaries of a deceased loved one, or even perusing keepsakes. Carme Riera’s La meitat de l’ànima (2003) illustrates this process and works as a microcosm of accessing historical memory: in the text, the narrator-protagonist, C, confronts the troubles of archival work and is forced to make assumptions and leaps of faiths in order to understand the lost past of her deceased mother, Cecília Balaguer, whose presence haunts C and the text. C’s obsessive search for the traces of her mother’s life cause her to experience an identity crisis, and she works through the trauma of having no definitive explanation as to who her mother was. Applying Jacques Derrida’s understanding of archive and mal d’archive (or, archive fever) helps to illustrate C’s reconstruction of her mother’s life as well as that of her own, as C reads archives and becomes an archivist herself during her search. Reading the novel as indicative of the Spanish historical memory movement writ large paradoxically suggests that one constant of contemporary Spanish identity is its acceptance of infinite contingencies that could explain a past event. This article briefly examines implications of these alternative, communal archives and how historical memory works to articulate different political projects and claims to power.Item Teaching Inside the Box: A Phenomenological Study of Correctional Teachers Working in Segregation/ Restrictive Housing Units(2018-05) Lindstrom, HeatherResearch regarding teachers who work in segregation/restrictive housing units within correctional facilities is lacking. Little is known about their experiences and how the trauma they encounter impacts them personally and professionally. Despite this lack of information, prison reforms continue to seek increased educational involvement in segregation/restrictive housing units without understanding the resources needed to recruit, train and retain teachers for this setting. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to acquire firsthand information toward understanding the impact working in segregation/restrictive housing units has on teachers. Five teachers from varying prisons participated in in-depth interviews and shared their experiences teaching offenders in segregation/restrictive housing units. The results of this study show the impact of trauma, the lack of professional recognition, and the unique barriers these teachers face. The findings also show teachers in segregation/restrictive housing units in correctional facilities are resilient and find meaning in their work. The outcomes of this study have implications for researchers in corrections and education fields, teachers working in corrections, providers of professional development, teacher preparation programs and administrators in correctional education who seek to improve professional experiences for their employees. Keywords: segregation, restrictive housing, education, corrections, corrections education, traumaItem Translation on the Move: Place, Language, and the Jewish Body in Rose Ausländer’s Poetry(2018-07) Solemsli-Chrysler, JenniferScholarly work on Rose Ausländer tends to focus too much on her biography, a gendered phenomenon closely linked to trivialization of the female poet. This dissertation presents a flexible framework of three main approaches which allow for an eclectic set of interpretations that are more suitable to Ausländer’s diverse body of work than any single approach. The three themes are (1) critical representations of the home city and empire, (2) movement in and among languages, and (3) the role of the body. The coexistence of traumatic and nostalgic memory manifests in all three categories, calling Ausländer’s work into focus not only as a particular, complex oeuvre, but also as a test case for reading German-Jewish literature.