Browsing by Subject "enrollment management"

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2020 Draft course-based learning assistance best practice guides (3rd ed.)
(2020-01-01) Arendale, David
Course-Based Learning Assistance (CLA) is defined as peer cooperative learning assistance that accompanies a specific targeted course to serve as a supplement for that course. While many CLA activities operate outside of the course, CLA is integrated into the course by some instructors. Other CLA programs are hybrid or totally online. These guidelines are applicable to national and international CLA program models have been implemented at thousands of postsecondary and tertiary institutions in more than thirty countries (a) Emerging Scholars Program, (b) Peer-Led Team, (c) Structured Learning Assistance, (d) Supplemental Instruction, and (e) Video-based Supplemental Instruction). When using the CLA Guides, it is not expected that administrators of campus CLA programs implement every “essential” and “recommended” practice listed in this guide. Some “essential” practices are not relevant to a particular type of CLA program. Limitations of campus budget, personnel, and available time make other “essential” practices difficult to implement. “Recommended” practices are simply practices that some CLA program administrators have found helpful. Therefore, those practices have been separated from the “essential” ones. For simplicity’s sake, all the practices have been divided into these two categories. Some “recommended” practices could be categorized as aspirational, something to pursue if there is sufficient budget, personnel, and time to implement. The bottom line is that the purpose of the guides is not to judge existing programs, but rather to provide guidance and practices that could increase their effectiveness and efficiency. In addition to their use for academic study groups, these guides may be useful for faculty members to incorporate learning activities and pedagogies into their courses. The administrative and education best practices in this publication have been reviewed and approved by multiple members of an external expert panel of qualified reviewers. Educators need to investigate these education practices to discover effective learning practices that can be adapted and adopted for use in supporting higher student achievement, closing the achievement gap, increasing persistence to graduation, and meeting the needs of culturally-diverse and historically-underrepresented students. Updates to this set of guidelines are available at https://www.arendale.org/peer-learning-resources
2021 Postsecondary Peer Cooperative Learning Programs: Annotated Bibliography
(2021-01-31) Arendale, David R
This annotated bibliography does not attempt to be inclusive of this broad field of literature concerning peer collaborative learning. Instead, it is focused intentionally on a subset of the educational practice that shares a common focus with increasing student persistence towards graduation. At the end of this overview, several suggestions are made for differentiating the models from each other and the level of institutional resources and resolve with implementing them. The seven student peer learning programs included in this bibliography meet the following characteristics: (a) implemented at the postsecondary or tertiary level; (b) clear set of systematic procedures for its implementation that could be replicated by another institution; (c) program evaluation studies have been conducted and are available for review; (d) intentionally embeds learning strategy practice along with review of the academic content material; (e) outcomes include increased content knowledge, higher final course grades, higher pass rates, and higher college persistence rates; and (f) the program has been replicated at another institution with similar positive student outcomes. From a review of the professional literature, six programs emerged: (a) Accelerated Learning Groups (ALGs), (b) Emerging Scholars Program (ESP), (c) Peer Assisted Learning (PAL), (d) Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL), (e) Structured Learning Assistance (SLA), (f) Supplemental Instruction-PASS (SI-PASS), and (g) Video-based Supplemental Instruction (VSI). As will be described in the following narrative, some of the programs share common history and seek to improve upon previous practices. Other programs were developed independently.
Academic bridge programs
(Routledge, 2018) Arendale, David R.; Lee, Nue Lor
Bridge programs ease the transition of students from secondary education to postsecondary institutions. They are customized to assist a particular subpopulation of students to be successful. They were originally created for students with high rates of academic difficulty and withdrawal than the general student population. Then, the focus of most bridge programs was academic preparation for increased academic rigor of college. In recent years, a variety of purposes have been added: meet the needs of culturally diverse students who are underrepresented in college, increase student success in particular college degree programs, and increase the number of students who aspire and are prepared for college. Bridge programs range from an intensive program of coordinated courses and noncredit learning experiences to a single academic term course or a workshop lasting a day or two.
Collaboration and partnership: Within and between disciplines, programs, and institutions
(Center for Research on Developmental Education and Urban Literacy, General College, University of Minnesota, 2000) Arendale, David R.; Barefoot, Betsy; Eaton, Shevawn; Levin, Henry; Lundell, Dana B
The key questions in this group focused on two basic issues: (a) Is collaboration important?, and (b) Why is it important to developmental education? A primary assumption is generally held that collaboration is a positive framework for educators. This standpoint has also been applied to research, teaching, and practice in developmental education. Within the next ten years, the issue of creating partnerships and coalitions is projected to increase as a primary educational and social agenda, specifically as national demographics have changed and as our society requires an increasingly educated, expanded, and specialized work force (Carnoy, 1997). It is within this changing social context that we must begin to consider the conditions and circumstances in which collaboration will be important for developmental educators.
Directory of academic interventions and learning enrichment activities.
(Department of Postsecondary Teaching and Learning, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 2006) Arendale, David R.
Selecting the appropriate academic intervention or making a change in institutional policies is contingent upon many factors. What is the unique academic and culture issues at the institution and which academic intervention is best fitted to meet those needs? Is there clear evidence that the intervention will contribute to higher academic achievement at a particular institution as opposed to its past success as the institution where it was first developed? What is the capacity of the institution to implement the intervention or policy regarding administrative support, faculty support, skill level of the intervention program, and the cost to implement and continue the program?
Effect of administrative placement and fidelity of implementation of the model on effectiveness of Supplemental Instruction programs
(University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2001) Arendale, David R.
This research investigated variables that may influence the effectiveness of the Supplemental Instruction learning assistance and enrichment program at the University of Missouri-Kansas City and other U.S. postsecondary institutions. Study number one analyzed variables related to academic performance of University of Missouri-Kansas City students (mean final course grades, the rate of course withdrawal, and rate of persistence). Study number two investigated variables at 735 U.S. postsecondary institutions related to the academic performance of students and satisfaction level with the campus Supplemental Instruction program. Independent variables included: administrative placement of the SI program unit (academic affairs, student affairs, or other), age of the SI program, fidelity of the program to SI program activity constructs (SI Supervisor involvement, SI Leader involvement, SI Leader training, institutional involvement), and four dependent variables (mean final course grades, mean percent of D and F final course grades and course withdrawals, mean percentage of students who participate in the program, and satisfaction level with the program). Besides the quantitative studies, an extensive review of the literature regarding the history of developmental education and learning assistance programs in the United States produced six discernable historical phases. Supplemental Instruction was placed within this social context in American history. The appendix includes an extensive annotated bibliography of 450 publications and other media types published by authors worldwide related to Supplemental Instruction. Study number one found a positive correlation between higher academic achievement and persistence rates with the independent variables of SI attendance and measures of precollegiate academic achievement. The entire known population of 735 Supplemental Instruction programs within the United States was selected for study number two. There were statistically significant positive correlations with three of the four program activity constructs (SI Supervisor Involvement, SI Leader Involvement, and SI Leader training) and the effectiveness of the program regarding improved student outcomes and higher satisfaction ratings by the campus administrators who supervised the program. There were no statistically significant differences between the different program administrative placement locations and the dependent variables. Implications from this research include identification of key activities within the program that should be observed to maximize program effectiveness for the institution and participating students.
Guide for Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) group facilitators.
(Department of Postsecondary Teaching and Learning, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 2014) Arendale, David R.; Lilly, Mary
PAL programs focus on serving historically difficult college courses. These courses have a high rate of D or F final course grades or withdrawals. PAL does not focus on high-risk students, but rather on very difficult and challenging courses. These same courses are commonly listed across the U.S. by other PAL programs. To meet this need of students to achieve higher final course grades in these courses, the PAL program offers a regular schedule of out-of-class sessions that are facilitated by a fellow student. This student - called a facilitator - has often previously taken the same class by the instructor and earned a high final course grade and IS competent in the subject matter. The PAL sessions are offered throughout the academic term, beginning with the first or second week of class. The sessions occur in classrooms in the same area as where students attend the class. These sessions are free. While an attendance roster is gathered of those who participate, the course instructor does not necessarily know who attends and who does not.
Mainstreaming of Developmental Education: Supplemental Instruction and Video-based Supplemental Instruction
(1997) Martin, Deanna C; Arendale, David R.; Blanc, Robert
The foregoing should not be interpreted to suggest that SI is a one-size-fits-all solution to academic problems. Data suggest that the SI experience can move a student’s performance from below average to average, from average to above average, from above average to excellent. In the lower ranges of performance, it appears that participation in SI can elevate a student’s grade from sub-marginal to below average. At UMKC as at other Universities, however, practitioners have found that there are students for whom SI offers insufficient support. Typically, these students fall at or near the bottom of the fourth quartile in terms of entry-level scores and/or high school rank. SI is not scheduled often enough, nor does it have sufficient structure, breadth, or depth to meet the needs of this population. On other campuses, these students would typically be tracked into developmental courses which, for UMKC, has never been an option.
Peer educators in learning assistance programs: Best practices for new programs
(Jossey-Bass, 2011) Wilson, Wendy; Arendale, David R.
Peer educators have a critical role to play in the delivery of a wide variety of important programs on college campuses. Nowhere is this more evident than in learning assistance programs. These programs, typically housed in a learning center or learning assistance office, include tutoring and mentoring and often take the form of individual and group support in study skills, note-taking, writing and math skills. There has also been a growing use of peer educators in collaborative learning programs, such as Supplemental Instruction. These programs bring students together to learn course content with one another. While any group of students can meet together to study for an exam, results are much higher when the groups are focused and structured (Arendale, 2005). A good first step in beginning a program is examining the major peer learning programs that are used by colleges across the U.S. There are four commonly implemented and well-validated peer learning programs in higher education in the U.S., with both unique features and common operating principles: Emerging Scholars Program, Peer-led Team Learning, Structured Learning Assistance, and Supplemental Instruction.
Postsecondary peer cooperative learning programs: Annotated bibliography 2018
(Unpublished manuscript, Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 2018) Arendale, David R.
This 2018 annotated bibliography reviews seven postsecondary peer cooperative learning programs that have been implemented nationally and internationally to increase student achievement. An extensive literature search was conducted of published journal articles, newspaper accounts, book chapters, books, ERIC documents, thesis and dissertations, online documents, and unpublished reports. Peer learning programs in this bibliography meet the following characteristics: (a) program must have been implemented at the postsecondary or tertiary level, (b) program has a clear set of systematic procedures for its implementation at an institution, (c) program evaluation studies have been conducted and are available for review, (d) program intentionally embeds learning strategy practice along with a review of the academic content material, (e) program outcomes include both increased content knowledge with higher persistence rates, and (f) program has been replicated at another institution with similar positive student outcomes. From a review of the professional literature, nearly 1,500 citations emerged concerning seven programs that met the previously mentioned selection criteria: "Accelerated Learning Groups" (ALGs), "Emerging Scholars Program" (ESP), "Peer-Assisted Learning" (PAL), "Peer-Led Team Learning" (PLTL), "Structured Learning Assistance" (SLA), "Supplemental Instruction" (SI), and "Video-based Supplemental Instruction" (VSI). Nearly one fourth of the entries in this bibliography are from authors and researchers outside of United States. Guidance is provided to implement best practices of peer learning programs that can improve academic achievement, persistence to graduation, and professional growth of participants and facilitators of these student-led groups. The literature reports not only positive outcomes for the student participants of such programs, but includes outcomes for the student peer leaders of these academic support programs such as skill improvement with leadership, public speaking, and other employment skills along with an impact of their future vocational choices including a career in teaching at the secondary or postsecondary level. Educators need to investigate these peer learning programs to discover effective learning practices that can be adapted and adopted for use in supporting higher student achievement for students of diverse backgrounds. [This annotated bibliography is a revised and expanded version of ED565496, ED545639, ED489957, and ED574832]
Review of research concerning the effectiveness of Supplemental Instruction from The University of Missouri-Kansas City and other institutions from across the United States
(Institutes for Learning Assistance Professionals, 2001) Arendale, David R.
Educational leaders are faced with the need to make a careful selection of academic interventions from among a field of possible choices. Part of the criticism of the developmental education and learning assistance field is that it is difficult to find programs that have regular programs of rigorous evaluation. The most prevalent program on most college campuses are individual tutoring programs. In a review of the professional literature concerning tutoring, Maxwell (1990) made the following observations: some studies find that high ability or more experienced students benefit most from tutoring (p. 2); it is rare for studies to show that tutored students improved their grades (p. 2); and that there is no evidence that tutoring helps the weakest students (p. 4). Since SI is one academic treatment that is academically beneficial and attracts students in nearly equal percentages from different ethnicities and previous academic achievement levels, the institution may be able to reduce expenses since they do not have to maintain duplicate programs for each student subpopulation. It appears that no other student academic support program has the wide appeal with a research-based strategy for learning and success.
Selecting interventions that succeed: Navigating through retention literature
(National Association for Developmental Education, 2005) Arendale, David R.
Many developmental educators have been assigned increased responsibilities for campus-wide enrollment management activities. A new system is needed for educators to more accurately sort through the rapidly growing database of information related to student retention. This will enable the reader to more quickly identify promising practices for further investigation. This article provides a scale to evaluate the likelihood of success among potential programs and identify them for further research. Scrutiny of potential retention programs must be increased by asking more questions early in the investigation process regarding essential components of a program, research evaluation studies, barriers to successful implementation, and the availability of technical assistance to enable other institutions to successfully adapt and adopt the student retention practice.
Supplemental Instruction: Improving first-year student success in high risk courses (2nd ed.)
(National Resource Center for The First Year Experience, 1992) Martin, Deanna C; Arendale, David R.
The Supplemental Instruction (SI) program of the University of Missouri-Kansas City addresses attrition by providing academic support in courses that are high risk for students. The program contains a number of innovative features, for example, high-risk courses are identified instead of high-risk students, and everyone in those courses is offered assistance; student participation in small group sessions is voluntary, and evaluation goes beyond student and faculty satisfaction surveys and includes actual rates of institutional change. Small group sessions incorporate such features as informal quizzes, group discussion, test question prediction, review of previous examinations, restructuring of classroom lecture notes, and other activities. The key people in the program are the SI leaders, who are presented as students of the subject of the course. As such, they present an appropriate model of thinking, organization, and mastery of the discipline. SI leaders attend all class sessions, take notes, read all assigned material, and conduct small group sessions. The SI program has been certified as an Exemplary Educational Program by the United States Department of Education, and has received National Diffusion Network funding. This paper describes program development, specific goals and objectives, results and outcomes for students and/or the institution, and potential for adaption by other institutions.
Using objective criteria to analyze interventions: Navigating through student retention literature
(Center for Research on Developmental Education and Urban Literacy, General College, University of Minnesota, 2005) Arendale, David R.
Many developmental educators have been assigned increased responsibilities for campus-wide enrollment management activities. A new system is needed for educators to sort through more accurately and analyze the rapidly growing database of information related to student retention. This will enable the reader to more quickly identify promising practices for further investigation. This article provides a series of criteria scales to evaluate the likelihood of success among potential programs and identify the needed resources by the institution to successfully implement change. Scrutiny of potential retention programs must be increased by asking more questions early in the investigation process.

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