Browsing by Subject "Urban rail"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Cost of an urban rail ride: A nation-level analysis of ridership, capital costs and cost-effectiveness performance of urban rail transit projects in China
    (Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2018) Zhao, Jinbao; Li, Chaosu; Zhang, Ruhua; Palmer, Mathew
    Although urban rail transit (URT) is an attractive alternative mode of daily travel, barriers exist in URT development across the world, in particular, the high cost of construction and operation and relative low rates of URT ridership. Despite these barriers, URT has gained considerable popularity worldwide in recent years; much of this trend is driven by projects in China. Despite this public support and implementation of URT projects, the ridership, capital costs and cost-effectiveness of URT projects remain largely unstudied. This paper addresses this planning and policy issue by examining line-level ridership and investment data for 97 heavy rail transit (HRT) lines and 12 light rail transit (LRT) lines in 28 Chinese cities. Comparative analysis is conducted so as to evaluate the performance and cost-effectiveness of HRT and LRT. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to explain the variability of URT cost-effectiveness and how it varies depending on land use density, project design, system service, and multimodal transit integration. Findings indicate that land-use density, line length, number of transfer stations, operation time, and bus ridership significantly contribute to higher levels of URT ridership, while URT ridership decreases significantly with train headway and the station’s distance from the city center. It is cost-effective to develop URT in high-density cities in spite of high costs, and some, if not all, LRT lines are more cost-effective than HRT lines. As of this analysis, the overdevelopment of HRT in China has failed to plan for multimodal transport integration and operational optimization. However, these shortcomings are also opportunities for Chinese transportation and land-use planners to develop more cost-effective URT projects that also improve the level of service available to the public.
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    Evaluation of the land value-added benefit brought by urban rail transit: The case in Changsha, China
    (Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2021) Tang, Wenbin; Cui, Qingbin; Zhang, Feilian; Yan, Hongyan
    Accurate evaluation of land value-added benefit brought by urban rail transit (URT) is critical for project investment decision making and value capture strategy development. Early studies have focused on the value impact strength under the assumption of the same impact range for all stations. However, the value impact range at different stations may vary owing to different accessibilities. Therefore, the present study releases this assumption and incorporates the changed impact range into the land value-added analysis. It presents a method to determine the range of land value-added impact and sample selection using the generalized transportation cost model, then spatial econometric models are further developed to estimate the impact strength. On the basis of these models, the entire value-added benefit brought by URT is evaluated. A case study of the Changsha Metro Line 2 in China is discussed to demonstrate the procedure, model, and analysis of spatial impact. The empirical analysis shows a dumbbell-shaped impact on the land value-added benefit along the transit line with a distance-dependent pattern at each station. In addition, the land value-added benefit from Changsha Metro Line 2 reached 12.099 billion USD. Lastly, two main value-added benefit capture modes are discussed, namely, land integration development and special land tax.
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    Rail integrated communities in Tokyo
    (Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2012) Calimente, John
    Tokyo’s railway station areas are models of transit-oriented design. To differentiate them from transit-oriented developments (TOD), the term rail integrated community (RIC) has been created to describe these high density, safe, mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly developments around railway stations that act as community hubs, are served by frequent, all-day, rail rapid transit, and are accessed primarily on foot, by bicycle, or by public transit. Japanese private railway operators have been instrumental in creating these RICs. Though they receive little financial support from the government, private railways in Japan operate profitably by diversifying into real estate, retail, and numerous other businesses. Tokyu Corporation is used as the case study to exemplify how government policy and socioeconomic context contributed to the successful private railway model. Ten indicators, such as ridership, population density, and mode share are used to analyze two stations created by Tokyu to demonstrate how this model is manifested in Tokyu’s rail integrated communities.