Browsing by Subject "Social media"

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Communication Perceptions and Preferences of First-Year College Students
(2018-05) Radtke, Stacy L
This thesis is a thoughtful examination of the communication habits of first-year college students at a university in the Midwestern United States. It sought to discover which tools students use, how they use them, and how they would prefer to use them in relation to messages from their academic institution. Quantitative methods were used to analyze the results of a 21-item online survey questionnaire. The results reveal a strong preference for email and social media, and a distaste for print and digital signage. The data show that students consider academic personnel that they share a relationship with (e.g., instructor, teaching assistant, advisor) to be the most important source of information.
Effective Social Media Engagement Options for Minnesota’s Diversifying Population
(Minnesota Department of Transportation, 2018-02) Schneider, Ingrid E.; Quick, Kathryn; Peck, Melissa; Pflughoeft, Ben
Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) and Minnesota Local Road Research Board (LRRB) supported the University of Minnesota to investigate social media options for effective public engagement. A three-part approach assessed 1) the state of social media use through a literature review, 2) the status of social media use and interest in its use for transportation in Minnesota compared to national data, and 3) actual and perceived effectiveness of social media in two pairs of case studies in Minnesota. In sum, results reveal social media is effective as a strategic and select part of engagement plans and can likely effectively engage select groups. Survey results revealed 11-21% of respondents participated in planning for transportation programs, policies or projects in the last 12 months, 72% use social media of some sort, and 36% expressed interest in using social media to get information, provide feedback or make suggestions related to transportation. Finally, social media analytics and interviews related to four case studies revealed social media does indeed lead transportation projects to make more connections with stakeholders, but the quality and effectiveness of those connections vary. Four main opportunities include: 1) integrating social media into multi-pronged, dynamic engagement approaches, 2) considering the demographic qualities of the key stakeholders to determine how social media can be most useful, 3) employing best practices for social media engagement, and 4) expanding and/ or developing research and evaluation plans to understand and assess future social media engagement efforts.
Effects of A Remote, YouTube-Delivered Exercise Intervention on Young Adults’ Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep Quality, and Psychosocial Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial
(2021-08) McDonough, Daniel
Introduction: Recent population-level surveillance data indicate that over 80% of U.S. adults fail to meet the minimum physical activity recommendations for aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activities. This has become a major public health challenge given the numerous physiological and economic consequences associated with physical inactivity. Additionally, high levels of physical inactivity have been observed to adversely affect individuals' sleep quality which further contributes to the incidence of hypokinetic diseases and all-cause mortality and further burdens the economy indirectly by decreasing daytime productivity. With the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the enacted regulations to reduce its transmission, there is currently an infectious disease pandemic that has compounded the preexisting physical inactivity pandemic. While all demographics have been affected by these regulations, U.S. young adults in particular have been forced to make extraordinary changes to their lifestyle and behavioral patterns which has created exceptional barriers to their physical activity participation and has further exacerbated the issue of poor sleep quality in this population. Recent public health guidelines, therefore, have called for innovative and flexible physical activity intervention strategies to promote physical activity and health amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Given present-day young adults are technology-savvy and are the primary consumers of social media, delivering a physical activity promotion intervention via social media may be an effective strategy for remotely disseminating such an intervention. However, meta-analyses have observed social media-based interventions to be ineffective at improving young adults’ physical activity levels and only one randomized controlled trial to date has examined the effectiveness of video-based social media platforms on this populations’ physical activity, showing no positive effects. Therefore, this study’s purpose was to examine the effects of a remote, home-based, YouTube video-delivered aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity intervention on young adults’ free-living aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep quality, and psychosocial health outcomes over 12 weeks compared to control (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04499547). Methods: Sixty-four young adults (48 females; X̅age = 22.8 ± 3.4 years; X̅BMI = 23.1 ± 2.6 kg/m2) from a large metropolitan research University in the Midwest participated in this prospective, 12-week, parallel randomized controlled trial during Fall 2020/Winter 2021. In detail, participants were randomized (1:1) into the intervention group (received weekly aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity videos grounded in Self-determination theory) or control group (received weekly general health education videos) for 12 weeks. Briefly, the intervention videos were grounded in Self-determination Theory because recent research observed that young adults demonstrated lower autonomous motivation to engage in home-based physical activities during the COVID-19 pandemic due to limited or no access to familiar exercise equipment, among other reasons. Briefly, Self-determination theory postulates that by fulfilling three basic human psychological needs (i.e., competency, autonomy, and relatedness), one’s motivation for physical activity will progress to more internally regulated forms, ranging from amotivation to intrinsic motivation, thereby improving the likelihood of longer-term adherence to physical activity. The primary outcome was free-living moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, and the secondary outcomes were sedentary behavior, light physical activity, and sleep quality (measured using wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X accelerometers) and muscle-strengthening physical activity frequency, Self-determination theory-related autonomous motivation for physical activity (i.e., non-regulation, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic regulation), perceived physical activity barriers, physical activity-related enjoyment, physical activity-related self-efficacy, and Self-determination Theory-related social support (assessed using validated questionnaires). Process evaluation outcomes (intervention fidelity, use, and adherence) were also evaluated. Repeated measures ANCOVAs examined between-group differences for all study outcomes at a Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of 0.003 (0.05/16 outcomes) to account for potential bias from multiple comparisons and effect sizes were calculated as partial eta-squared (p2) for outcomes which were observed as statistically significant. Results: Three experimental group participants discontinued participation for reasons unrelated to the study (retention rate = 95.3%). Because these participants’ baseline data were not significantly different from completers’ data, an intent-to-treat analysis was employed which was determined a priori. Because between-group demographic differences in randomized, parallel trials are, by definition, due to chance, baseline group differences were not statistically examined. Overall, however, it was determined that baseline comparisons between groups were not materially different and thus, concluded that the randomization procedures were robust. Statistically significant between-group differences were observed for moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, sleep efficiency, muscle-strengthening physical activity frequency, non-regulation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic regulation, perceived physical activity barriers, and physical activity-related self-efficacy (F(1, 62) = 10.64-228.87, p < 0.001-0.002, p2 = 0.15-0.79) with all outcomes favoring the intervention group after 12 weeks. However, no statistically significant between-group differences were observed for sedentary behavior, light physical activity, sleep duration, external, introjected, and identified regulations, and physical activity-related enjoyment after 12 weeks (F(1, 62) = 0.69-4.60, p = 0.04-0.61). Conclusion: With some national COVID-19 restrictions still in place and uncertainty regarding post-pandemic physical activity/exercise environments and behaviors, a remote, YouTube-delivered physical activity and exercise intervention may help foster clinically meaningful improvements in young adults’ free-living moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, muscle-strengthening physical activity frequency, sleep efficiency, physical activity-related intrinsic motivation, perceived physical activity barriers, and physical activity-related self-efficacy after 12 weeks. Indeed, this intervention yielded high interest, adherence, and use/acceptability among the sample of young adults.
The Effects of Consumers’ Affect on Attention and Reaction to Ads
(2019-06) Lu, Xinyu
This dissertation examined (1) the influence of affective states on consumers’ selective attention to different types of ads that are categorized based on theoretically-derived attention-inducing characteristics; and (2) the influence of affective states on consumers’ ad processing style and evaluation of the ads that received attention. A computational research approach was used cross-analyzing proxy measures of real-time affective fluctuation of TV viewers during the 2018 and 2019 Super Bowl broadcast and their tweets regarding the ads aired during the Super Bowl broadcast. The results demonstrated some supports for the linkage between consumers’ temporary affective states, induced by the performance of the team they cheer for, and their selective attention to different types of ads even when they are exposed to the same set of ads during commercial breaks. Consistent with Mood Management Theory and prior psychology research evidence connecting affective states to visual attention, consumers in a negative affective state tend to pay more attention to positive ads and ads with emotional appeals than do those in a positive affective state. Furthermore, consumers in a positive affective state tend to pay more attention to exciting ads, compared to those in a negative affective state. However, this study’s data did not show significant relationship between consumers’ affective state and their selective attention to ads with different semantic affinity levels, nor any significant effects of affective state on ad processing style or evaluation of ads. The study contributes to advancing the ad attention and mood management research by testing the largely untested effects of consumers’ temporary affective states on selective attention and reactions to ads. The computational research approach developed in this study also offers significant methodological contributions to advertising scholarship, opening new avenue of research to apply the computational research approach to advertising theory building, especially theory regarding the role of consumers’ affective factors. Additionally, this study provides useful practical implications for ad targeting and ad placement strategies based on consumers’ temporary affective states. This study’s findings suggest a new promising way to target consumers and personalize ads based on individual consumers’ real-time, temporary affective states that can be captured by appropriate proxy measure data.
Examining the effects of proximity to rail transit on travel to non-work destinations: Evidence from Yelp data for cities in North America and Europe
(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2019) Jiang, Zhiqiu; Mondschein, Andrew
Urban planners often seek to establish land use patterns around transit stations that encourage non-auto travel. However, the willingness of travelers to use different modes in the vicinity of transit remains understudied, in part because of the lack of spatially-precise data on destination and mode choices. Using transportation content extracted from Yelp, a location-based social network (LBSN), we investigate how travel mode to non-work destinations is influenced by proximity to transit. We use textual analysis to analyze travel for non-work activities in seven cities across North America and Europe. Mixed-effect and binomial logistic models show how reported travel by mode varies by distance to rail transit stations. We find that for most non-work activity purposes, reported rail use is highly sensitive to proximity to stations, but some purposes are more amenable to rail use overall. Additionally, compared to non-US cities, US cities are far more parking-dependent near rail stations. The results suggest that not all activities elicit the same levels of non-auto travel, and transit-oriented planning should account for specific activities and regional factors that may modify willingness to travel by different modes. While subject to limitations, LBSNs can illuminate local travel with greater spatial specificity than traditional surveys.
The Impact of Social Media on College Choice
(2014) DiAna, Kathryn; Rauschenfels, Diane
Social media, defined as a platform for participants to create, share or exchange information and connect with others on a global scale, is emerging as a key marketing component of the college admissions process. The emergence of social media allows universities the ability to communicate in a voice that is familiar to the millennial generation, defined as those born after 1980. Using a quantitative research methodology, this project explored how the use of social media can impact college choice. Results show that 92% of respondents used Facebook one or more times daily and 78.9% of students joined a social network created just for admitted students. The outcome helps to answer the question of how institutions of higher education can best leverage this technology to influence college choice.
#Jurormisconduct, but #sameoldpretrialpublicity: a proposal for the use of Supreme Court pretrial publicity precedent in shaping jurisprudence involving juror use of social media
(2013-05) Miller, Holly Anne
Active Internet users in the United States spend 23 percent of the time they are online on social networking sites and blogs. Facebook, the most popular social networking site in the United States, currently boasts more one billion users. Twitter, another social networking site that has recently seen a surge in users, surpassed 500 million registered users by 2012. Further, 88 percent of American adults own cell phones, 46 percent of which are smart phones, capable of accessing the Internet and social media sites anytime, anywhere. Easy access to the Internet and social media websites does not end with receipt of a jury summons. Although juror misconduct has always been a concern within the judicial system, the prevalence of technology available to jurors has increased the ease with which jurors can improperly communicate with each other and with other trial participants, publish information regarding the trial, and conduct outside research on the case. This thesis begins with a discussion a historical look at juries, the media, and pretrial publicity and its relationship with the idea of an impartial jury. Next, an overview is given of the judicial remedies available to courts in combating the external influences of the media and the public on a jury. Then, this thesis turns to a discussion of what an impartial jury looks like in the age of "tweets" and "likes," highlighting how changes in technology have put external influences in the palms of most jurors today. The author then provides examples of recent cases involving juror misconduct stemming from social media posts or other online activity, followed by a summary of how this problem is currently being dealt with in jurisdictions across the country and scholarly critiques of those potential tools. This thesis next turns to an exploration of whether online juror speech has First Amendment value and whether it is deserving of robust First Amendment protection. Finally, the author proposes that in order to balance speech which has First Amendment value with a defendant's Sixth Amendment right to a fair trial, that courts evaluate online juror misconduct cases utilizing the framework set forth by the Supreme Court in its pretrial publicity jurisprudence.
The Me in Media: A functionalist approach to examining motives to produce within the public space of YouTube.
(2010-03) Jones, Julie Marie
Often news organizations perceive social media platforms, such as YouTube, as a distribution tool for their content and the users of these sites as audiences yet to be acquired. From this perspective, the value within the site is a benefit to the organization but only if they retain control of their content. When they are not in control of the content, practices within these sites are considered a threat in terms of thievery (piracy of their content) or time displaced from consuming mass media programming. From the other side of this argument, media scholars contend that social media platforms are tools of self-expression that return a benefit to a public good, even when that expression is directly built upon content produced by mass media. Deliberately, this work took the stance that understanding the intersection between journalistic function and social media practices must consider the user first. YouTube and its users was chosen for this work since it is the largest social media site and uses video content as its main exchange. A conceptual model that locates three spaces, not two, of YouTube is presented: an interpersonal space, a public space, and a commercial space. Two studies were undertaken: study one was a content analysis of video responses to a question posed by a popular YouTuber on why they "Tubed?" Study two surveyed YouTubers directly on their motive changes and self-concept changes since they had first began to produce for the site. However, the main question posed was drawn from findings from the first study. In study one, the YouTube space was mainly spoken about as community. In study two, producer/users (creators) were significantly more likely than users (watchers) to perceive YouTube as a community. However, items drawn from the Sense of Community Index and Brief Sense of Community Index scales did not correlate as they have for geographical communities. Findings from both studies place theories frequently used to examine new media uses in a new light. Although uses and gratifications is one of the tried-and-true theories used to explain motivations to use new media sources, YouTubers' produce motives were more diverse and complex than their watch motives. This suggests that U & G might be helpful in understanding motives consistent with being an audience, but is not as helpful in understanding motives to produce. Study two extended this inquiry by asking YouTubers how their motives and their self-concept had changed since beginning their YouTube channel. While there were no quantitative variables that influenced motive change, the elaborations provided by the respondents on how they changed suggest that migrations in social media sites, instead of motives changes, should be considered for future work. As to self-concept changes, quantitative analysis revealed that producer/users whose videos had generated discussion were significantly more likely to see themselves differently. Both quantitative and qualitative findings are presented and discussed. At the heart of it, though, this dissertation highlights the need to understand exactly what online cohorts - such as YouTube producer/users - mean when they use the term "community" and how that construct shares similarities to and differs from geographic communities.
Normalizing Twitter: Journalism Practice in an Emerging Communication Space
(Taylor and Francis, 2012) Lasorsa, Dominic L.; Lewis, Seth C.; Holton, Avery E.
This study examines how mainstream journalists who microblog negotiate their professional norms and practices in a new media format that directly challenges them. Through a content analysis of more than 22,000 of their tweets (postings) on the microblog platform Twitter, this study reveals that the journalists more freely express opinions, a common microblogging practice but one which contests the journalistic norm of objectivity (impartiality and nonpartisanship). To a lesser extent, the journalists also adopted two other norm-related microblogging features: providing accountability and transparency regarding how they conduct their work and sharing user-generated content with their followers. The journalists working for national newspapers, national television news divisions, and cable news networks were less inclined in their tweets than their counterparts working for less “elite” news outlets to relinquish their gatekeeping role by sharing their stage with other news gatherers and commentators, or to provide accountability and transparency by providing information about their jobs, engaging in discussions with other tweeters, writing about their personal lives, or linking to external websites.
Photos, tweets, and trails: Are social media proxies for urban trail use?
(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2017) Wu, Xinyi; Wood, Spencer A.; Fisher, David; Lindsey, Greg
Decision makers need information on the use of, and demand for, public recreation and transportation facilities. Innovations in monitoring technologies and diffusion of social media enable new approaches to estimation of demand. We assess the feasibility of using geo-tagged photographs uploaded to the image-sharing website Flickr and tweets from Twitter as proxy measures for urban trail use. We summarize geo-tagged Flickr uploads and tweets along 80 one-mile segments of the multiuse trail network in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and correlate results with previously published estimates of annual average daily trail traffic derived from infrared trail monitors. Although heat maps of Flickr images and tweets show some similarities with maps of variation in trail traffic, the correlation between photographs and trail traffic is moderately weak (0.43), and there is no meaningful statistical correlation between tweets and trail traffic. Use of a simple log-log bivariate regression to estimate trail traffic from photographs results in relatively high error. The predictor variables included in published demand models for the same trails explain roughly the same amount of variation in photo-derived use, but some of the neighborhood socio-demographic and built-environment independent variables have different effects. Taken together, these findings show that both Flickr images and tweets have limitations as proxies for demand for urban trails, and that neither can be used to develop valid, reliable estimates of trail use. These results differ from previously published results that indicate social media may be useful in assessing relative demand for recreational destinations. This difference may be because urban trails are used for multiple purposes, including routine commuting and shopping, and that trail users are less inclined to use social media on trips for these purposes.
Reconstructing the Indian public sphere: Newswork and social media in the Delhi gang rape case
(Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism, 2014) Belair-Gagnon, Valerie; Mishra, Smeeta; Agur, Colin
In recent years, a growing literature in journalism studies has discussed the increasing importance of social media in European and American news production. Adding to this body of work, we explore how Indian and foreign correspondents reporting from India used social media during the coverage of the Delhi gang rape; how journalists represented the public sphere in their social media usage; and, what this representation says about the future of India’s public sphere. Throughout our analysis, Manuel Castells’ discussion of ‘space of flows’ informs our examination of journalists’ social media uses. Our article reveals that while the coverage of the Delhi gang rape highlights an emerging, participatory nature of storytelling by journalists, this new-found inclusiveness remains exclusive to the urban, educated, connected middle and upper classes. We also find that today in India, social media usage is rearticulated around pre-existing journalistic practices and norms common to both Indian reporters working for English-language media houses and foreign correspondents stationed in India.
Responding to crises on Facebook: a case study of the Iranian election protests and the 2010 Chilean earthquake.
(2010-06) Callahan, Colleen M.
Summary abstract not available
Revisiting Impartiality: Social Media and Journalism at The BBC
(Symbolic Interaction, 2013) Belair-Gagnon, Valerie
This article contributes to the literature of news production studies by providing a powerful example of how processes of deliberation bring change to journalism. It explores the reconstruction of impartiality using the single case-study of social media in the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) international journalism. In this case-study, symbolic interactionism and mesostructure analysis enable us to explore social organizations and social processes, placing them in larger embedded contexts (structural, historical, and mode of action) and extended temporality. Following D. L. Altheide’s (1996) ecology of communication framework, this study on BBC impartiality demonstrates that in the newsroom, techies have responded strategically to the logic of their environment. Techies have joined in the process of the new symbolic architecture of impartiality, which has transformed news agenda-setting. This new logic, ushered in by techies, has shaped editorial decisions at the public broadcaster. This article discusses how social media have contributed to the nature, organization, and consequences of communication activities of the BBC.
Slurred speech: free speech rights and social media on the college campus
(2014-09) Barnes, Anne E.
In 1965, five young students made the decision to protest openly the Vietnam War at their respective public schools. This seemingly minor act of wearing black armbands resulted in the watershed case, Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, which still stands almost 50 years later as the litmus test for determining whether school disciplinary actions violate students' free speech rights. My thesis, "Slurred Speech: Tinker and Social Media on the College Campus," will explore several aspects of the Tinker standard as relates to higher education: 1. Is Tinker the appropriate standard to use in higher education? Given that PK-12 education is mandatory and, for the most part, involves minors, is it appropriate to use the same standard in higher education? If not, what IS the appropriate standard?2. How do social media intersect with Tinker? Many schools have struggled with behavior that takes place off school grounds, and whether there is "jurisdiction" for them to impose discipline for said actions. In the age of social media, this concept has been turned on its head, and we are witnessing an unprecedented time of confusion regarding school authority over "actionable" behaviors employing social media.3. Should higher education institutions monitor students' social media? While virtually every institution already has a student conduct code, most have not taken the step of using that code to discipline students for actions that take place on social media. We are just starting to see these cases arise, and schools will have to adopt a "best practices" approach when it comes to how they handle the question of social media monitoring. My thesis conclusion will include a best practices model.4. Should higher education institutions discipline speech at all? Are there limits?This is, perhaps, the biggest question of all, and is the primary reason I am including the Garcetti v. Ceballos case in my thesis. As places of teaching and learning, I find it an interesting paradox when institutions of higher education discipline anyone--either student or employee--for employing his/her right to free speech. While I understand the need to protect the institution, it seems to me that students should instead be taught the old saying, "with great power (freedom) comes great responsibility," and should learn how to wield words responsibly. Censorship in any form is the enemy of democracy, as has been proven throughout history, so I find it distressing to see higher education seemingly embrace the idea that students and employees can be disciplined for speech. I will use cases such as Tinker, Garcetti, and Tatro v. University of Minnesota, along with instances of disciplinary action on campuses across the country to explore these questions. The goal of the thesis is to answer these increasingly important questions, provide institutions with the background to make sound, balanced decisions regarding students' free speech rights, and offer a "best practices" guide for social media and student conduct codes.
Social Media at BBC News: The re-making of crisis reporting
(Routledge, 2015) Belair-Gagnon, Valerie
Since the emergence of social media in the journalistic landscape, the BBC has sought to produce reporting more connected to its audience while retaining its authority as a public broadcaster in crisis reporting. Using empirical analysis of crisis news production at the BBC, this book shows that the emergence of social media at the BBC and the need to manage this kind of material led to a new media logic in which tech-savvy journalists take on a new centrality in the newsroom. In this changed context, the politico-economic and socio-cultural logic have led to a more connected newsroom involving this new breed of journalists and BBC audience. This examination of news production events shows that in the midst of transformations in journalistic practices and norms, including newsgathering, sourcing, distribution and impartiality, the BBC has reasserted its authority as a public broadcaster.
Using location-based social network data for activity intensity analysis: A case study of New York City
(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2019) Laman, Haluk; Yasmin, Shamsunnahar; Eluru, Naveen
Location-based social networks (LBSN) are social media sites where users check-in at venues and share content linked to their geo-locations. LBSN, considered to be a novel data source, contain valuable information for urban planners and researchers. While earlier research efforts focused either on disaggregate patterns or aggregate analysis of social and temporal attributes, no attempt has been made to relate the data to transportation planning outcomes. To that extent, the current study employs LBSN service-based data for an aggregate-level transportation planning exercise by developing land-use planning models. Specifically, we employ check-in data aggregated at the census tract level to develop a quantitative model for activity intensity as a function of land use and built-environment attributes for the New York City (NYC) region. A statistical exercise based on clustering of census tracts and negative binomial regression analyses are adopted to analyze the aggregated data. We demonstrate the implications of the estimated models by presenting the spatial aggregation profiling based on the model estimates. The findings provide insights on relative differences of activity engagements across the urban region. The proposed approach thus provides a complementary analysis tool to traditional transportation planning exercises.
Wall of me: facebook self-disclosure and partner responsiveness resulting in confirmation or violation of expectations and consequences for intimacy and relationships.
(2011-11) Freeman, Linda Kramer
In a study of self-disclosure and intimacy on Facebook, research in a survey of 274 undergraduates found interaction processes generally conformed to those found in face-to-face interactions. However, four findings from this study, in particular, elaborate how self-disclosure operates in a Facebook social media context. First, as in the face-to-face context, self-disclosure and partner disclosure were directly related to greater feelings of intimacy. But in contrast to face-to-face communication, in a test of the interpersonal process model of intimacy (Reis & Shaver, 1988), perceived partner responsiveness fully mediated the effect of self-disclosure on intimacy for a self-disclosure Facebook status update. Second, those who self-disclose on Facebook tend to expect and receive positive responses from Facebook friends, and self-disclosers generally classify this positive feedback as an expression of emotionally supportive caring, respect, and/or liking. Third, when participants receive unexpected responses to status updates, these surprise responses (expectancy violations) are generally viewed as positive. Expectancy violations to a self-disclosure status update on Facebook were significantly positively correlated with perceived partner responsiveness and greater change in intimacy toward those who responded unexpectedly. Fourth, in contrast to face-to-face communication, no gender differences were found in self-disclosure behavior, closeness with Facebook partners, or change in intimacy on Facebook as a result of a self-disclosure status update. Additionally, associations between attachment, frequent Facebook participation, relationship type, self-monitoring, and intimacy in Facebook interactions involving participant self-disclosures and responses from Facebook friends resulted in weak or inconsistent findings. The survey also explored participants' motivations for posting a status update, finding that sharing news, posting humorous information, and seeking emotional support were common reasons to post a status update. Motivations for responding to someone else's status update included sharing close feelings and humor.
When Social Media Backfires: The Impact of Psychological Distance on Perceived Values and Desirability of Luxury Brands
(2018-07) Park, Minjung
This research focused on examining the impact of psychological distance of luxury brands prompted by various social media marketing tactics on perceived values and desirability of luxury brands within the context of social media marketing. The first research objective was to identify the determinants of psychological distance of luxury brands (i.e., consumer engagement strategy, formality of engagement, and message response time). The second research objective was to assess the impact of psychological distance on perceived values (i.e., social, exclusive, and quality values) and desirability of luxury brands. The last objective was to examine the interaction effect between psychological distance and consumers’ need for status to identify boundary conditions. To fulfill these research objectives, three pilot studies and three experimental studies were conducted. The result of Study 1 demonstrated that a luxury brand with a high level of consumer engagement is perceived to be psychologically close, and such a psychologically close brand was perceived to have lower social and exclusive values. The mediation analysis revealed that psychological distance was a full mediator for the relationships. Also, the results showed that there were interaction effects between psychological distance and need for status on perceived exclusive value and desirability. However, contrary to the prediction, the effect of psychological distance was pronounced for the low need for status group, not for the high need for status group. The results of Study 2 showed that a luxury brand displaying casual engagements with consumers was perceived as less psychologically distant, as it was predicted. However, there were no main effect of psychological distance and interaction effect between psychological distance and need for status. Study 3 demonstrated that when the luxury brand’s response time is shorter, it was perceived to be less psychologically distant. However, contrary to the prediction, the psychologically close luxury brand was perceived to have higher exclusive and quality values. Discussions of the findings, theoretical and practical implications, and limitations and suggestions for future research were provided.

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