Browsing by Subject "Social and administrative pharmacy"
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
- Results Per Page
- Sort Options
Item Impact of pharmacy regulation and payment on generic drug use in the medicaid programs: 1991 to 2008(2014-12) Sepulveda Adams, Daniel A.The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of state generic substitution regulations on the generic prescribing and dispensing processes in the Medicaid program and describe the factors that influence dispensing and prescribing generic drugs. The primary research objective for this study is to calculate estimate the rates of generic substitution (i.e., "Generic Prescribing Rate", "Generic Dispensing Rate" and "Net Generic Rate") in the Medicaid program between 1991 and 2008 and to determine and understand how state regulations influence the process of prescribing and dispensing generic drugs in the state Medicaid programs. The research performs at the Substitutable Market level and explains the significant differences observed.The study design is a retrospective, cross-sectional time series study. Databases from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service (CMS) and the "Medicaid State Drug Utilization Data" will be collected with four observations per year by state from 1991 to 2008. This data base was complemented with Medi-Span Master Drug Data Base ® (MDDB), Medi-Span Price-Check PC ®, National Association of Board of Pharmacy (NABP) publications and Medicaid Payment Data Base (MPDB).The data set for this study was the entire population of drugs reimbursed by therapeutic class in 48 states (excluding Arizona & Tennessee) since 1991 to 2008 in the Medicaid program. The descriptive analysis was performed nationwide and by state. However Fixed effects, two-stage least squares regression was utilized to analyze the regression models nationwide by therapeutic class.Item Using the theory of planned behavior to measure pharmacists' engagement in political advocacy and determine factors impacting their engagement(2014-02) Tomaszewski, Daniel MarkThe level of regulation that impacts healthcare delivery in the United States suggests the need for healthcare providers to participate in the formation and implementation of health policies. Advancing health policies can most effectively be accomplished through various forms of political advocacy. To date, little research has been conducted to measure the level of involvement pharmacists take in political advocacy. The study's purpose was to develop and test a survey that measured pharmacists' level of involvement in political advocacy and factors that impact their involvement. To accomplish this, a survey was developed using The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The initial survey was refined through a series of semi-structured interviews. Participants involved in the interview process included practicing pharmacists, research experts, and political advocacy experts. The revised survey was used to survey a national sample of practicing pharmacists. The overall response rate was 10.3%, which resulted in 103 usable responses for analysis. Statistical analysis included assessing the survey items for reliability and validity and multiple regression analyses. Reliability statistics were used to develop an ideal item list and regression analysis was used to measure the appropriateness of The TPB. Reliability statistics suggested the elimination of a total of 22 of the 68 items. Factor analysis was not used to further evaluate the item list due to the low number of responses and potential high number of factors. Results of the multiple regression analysis suggested the model incorporating all items related to The TPB was appropriate (adjusted R-squared = 0.361), as well as the ideal item only model (adjusted R-squared = 0.300). In addition, each of the models' demonstrated that the construct attitude (p<0.001) predicted involvement in political advocacy. Using the ideal item only model, the construct of perceived behavioral control (p=0.015) also demonstrated a relationship. This study provided us with an initial evaluation of pharmacists' involvement in political advocacy. The results of the study suggested that The TPB does appear to have utility in the topic; however, the low number of participants limits generalizability. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate the topic.