Browsing by Subject "Hope"
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Item Effects of Hope-Based Music Therapy on Hope and Pain in Hospitalized Patients on Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit: A Convergent Parallel Mixed-Methods Pilot Study(2016-09) Verstegen, AmandaBackground: Among continuous improvements in treating cancer as a physical malady, there has been an increased focus on the psychological health of cancer patients. Patients undergoing Blood and Marrow Transplantation (BMT) are particularly susceptible to the deterioration of psychological health due to the demanding nature of BMT procedures. Hope is a multidimensional construct that can impact a patient’s psychological well-being. Extant research on hope with cancer patients has promoted psychological interventions to foster and maintain hope, but has been conducted almost exclusively within the field of oncology nursing. Although researchers have identified that music therapy can be effective in the treatment and psychological care of BMT patients, to date there has been no music therapy literature with a specific focus on hope in the psychological care and support of cancer patients. Objective: The purpose of this convergent parallel mixed-methods pilot study was to target hope by adapting an existing hope intervention to music therapy treatment with patients on a BMT unit. Methods: Patients (N = 10) were randomly assigned to experimental or wait-list control conditions and all patients completed the Herth Hope Index supplemented with an 11-point Likert-Type Pain Scale at pre- and posttest. Experimental participants engaged in a two-session individualized music therapy treatment consisting of patient-preferred live music chosen from a hope-based song menu coupled with therapeutic dialogue that was adapted from the Hope Intervention Program. Experimental participants also participated in an individual semi-structured interview in an attempt to understand their experiences and perceptions of how music therapy may affect hope. The six steps of thematic analysis, as identified by Braun and Clarke (2006), were used to analyze qualitative data. Results: There was no significant between-group difference at pretest. Posttest analyses utilizing Mann-Whitney U tests revealed significant between-group differences in measures of hope with patients in experimental condition demonstrating higher hope. Although not statistically significant, there was a slight tendency for a decrease in pre- to posttest pain for the experimental condition but not for the control condition. Qualitative analyses resulted in three emerging themes: 1. Hope-based music therapy provides opportunities for positive experiences including comfort and interpersonal connection; 2. Hope-based music therapy facilitates personal depth though self-awareness and self-identity; and 3. Hope-based music therapy provides a platform to discuss and confront hope including motivations for and obstacles to hope. Conclusion: Although generalization is limited by a small sample, quantitative results supported hope-based music therapy as an effective intervention with BMT patients in this pilot study. Qualitative data reinforced and provided depth to quantitative results, revealing that hope-based music therapy elicited positive experiences, comfort, and interpersonal connection; acted as a platform to discuss hope; and supported self-awareness and self-identity. Study limitations, implications for clinical practice, and suggestions for future research are provided.Item Journeying through despair, battling for hope: the experience of one environmental educator.(2011-06) Andre, Elizabeth KathrynEnvironmentalism and environmental education can lead people to experience feelings of despair as they learn more about the severity and complexity of environmental challenges. Environmental educators often grapple with questions of how to remain hopeful without being naively optimistic and how to balance professional responsibilities with personal doubts about the efficacy of the field and the sustainability of the human enterprise. Using tools of autoethnography, this study examines the experience of one environmental educator as she struggles with these questions. Insights come from literature in education, cognitive psychology, sociology, medicine, theology, and philosophy.Item The role of reactance and positive emotions in persuasive health messages: refining the theory of psychological reactance and the politeness theory and testing the theories of positive emotions(2013-02) Lee, EunsoonThe purpose of this study is to expand research on persuasion 1) by examining psychological reactance as a function of threats to positive identity above and beyond threats to freedom and 2) by examining the role of positive emotions. An online survey recruited 478 students from undergraduate courses at several universities in the U.S. The study included a 2 (high threat to positive identity vs. low threat to positive identity) X 2 (high threat to freedom vs. low threat to freedom) X 2 (positivity vs. none) with 2 topics (exercise and meditation) mixed design and participants were randomly presented with one of 16 survey types. The "working out" study advocated participation in a weekly exercise routine and the "stress relief" study encouraged practicing meditation for general mental/physical health. One major contribution of this study is that this study extended the Theory of Psychological Reactance by incorporating the notion of threats to identity based on the Politeness Theory. It was found that a perceived threat to identity led psychological reactance and had direct influences on persuasive outcome. This study also highlighted the importance of studying curiosity and hope, which played key roles in mitigating psychological reactance and in promoting persuasion. Empirical tests of three major variables - identity threat, curiosity, and hope - that this study used were novel approaches in persuasion field and the findings demonstrated their promising roles in persuasion.Item Villages of Steele County: Community Revival.(1999) McCauley, Chad