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Browsing by Subject "Homeless"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Cancer Prevention Among Homeless Smokers
    (2016-07) Pinsker, Erika
    Cancer is a leading cause of death among the homeless. Many of these deaths could be prevented through cancer screening and smoking cessation efforts. This dissertation includes three manuscripts focused on cancer screening and smoking cessation. The three manuscripts were secondary data analyses of a smoking cessation RCT among 430 homeless smokers. Fifty-six percent of females received a mammogram and 68% received a Pap test in the past year. Black race, smoking reduction, greater motivation to quit, and having a case manager were associated with a higher probability of mammography screening, whereas addiction to smoking, overweight/obesity, anxiety, and having more competing needs were associated with a lower probability. Black race was associated with a higher probability of Pap test screening, whereas addiction to smoking and greater cigarette consumption were associated with a lower probability. Females had greater concerns about gaining weight after quitting smoking (i.e., cessation-related weight concern) than males. Among males, older age, Black race, higher BMI, depression, and having health insurance were associated with higher cessation-related weight concern. Among females, addiction to smoking, greater cigarette consumption, importance to quit, older age of smoking initiation, and less support to quit were associated with higher cessation-related weight concern. Cessation-related weight concern was not associated with smoking cessation. Self-efficacy to refrain from smoking increased linearly over time with racial minorities experiencing greater increases. Confidence to quit increased until the midpoint of treatment but subsequently decreased. Blacks had higher confidence to quit than Whites. Smoking urges decreased until the midpoint of treatment but subsequently increased. Individuals with higher baseline self-efficacy to refrain from smoking were more likely to quit. Greater self-efficacy to refrain from smoking over time was observed among quitters compared to smokers. The findings from this dissertation can be used to inform future homeless-targeted cancer screening and smoking cessation efforts.
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    Guilt-proneness and shame-proneness in homeless children
    (2017-08) Ahumada, Sandra
    Abstract There is a preponderance of literature on the adaptive functions of guilt- and shame-proneness. As the conceptualization and measurement of these self-conscious emotions has improved, there has been a growing consensus that guilt-proneness serves an adaptive role within interpersonal domains whereas shame-proneness is consistently associated with maladaptive functioning. However, the vast majority of this research has focused on typically developing populations. This is unfortunate because the few studies that have examined maltreated samples suggest that maltreatment increases an individual’s tendency toward negative self-conscious emotions. The current study examined the impact of multiple levels of adversity on guilt- and shame-proneness within a sample of 108, 4- to 7-year-old homeless children. The study first investigated whether cumulative sociodemographic risk, a child’s own personal experience with negative life events, or the negative childhood events of the child’s caregiver influenced children’s likelihood of endorsing guilt or shame. Results showed that children’s guilt-proneness was associated with caregiver’s history of adverse events, childhood maltreatment in particular. The study then examined the predictive profiles of guilt- and shame-proneness with respect to academic, emotional, and social functioning. Guilt-proneness predicted greater academic competence and better emotion regulation while shame-proneness predicted worse academic competence and less emotion regulation. Exploratory analyses suggested that guilt-proneness’ adaptive function and shame-proneness’ detrimental effect was most pronounced at higher adversity levels. Overall, findings highlight the importance of interpersonal experiences in shaping guilt-proneness and suggest that guilt-proneness may serve a protective role for children facing adversity.
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    Homelessness, housing, and health geography: the impact of housing on the health of chronically Ill homeless adults.
    (2011-08) Petroskas, Dawn
    Interventions are needed to reduce the health disparities that exist in homeless populations. Housing, often viewed as an outcome to be achieved, has become increasingly recognized as an innovative health care intervention. Through the lens of health geography, this study sought to understand how housing is health care for formerly long-term homeless adults with chronic illnesses. The study (a) explores how the places of homelessness impact disease management, (b) identifies the processes by which the home becomes a therapeutic landscape, (c) explicates the place effects of housing on health, and (d) uncovers nursing‟s „place‟ on supportive housing teams. A sample of formerly homeless adults (n=16) was interviewed. Nursing (n=2) and non-nursing (n=9) service providers participated in focus groups. Findings reveal that homeless adults face extreme environmental, spatial, and social conditions, demanding creative strategies to manage illness. Closing the door on homelessness and making the home into a therapeutic landscape involves: negotiating home space with old and new social networks, finding a place that meets needs and desires, setting up a personal home, and enjoying home‟s sensual pleasures. The home affords a sense of normalcy and a desire to care for one‟s health. It also gives one the ability to care for health. Home essentials for health include: water, shelter, a private bathroom and shower, one‟s own bed for sleep and recovery, kitchen amenities, an electrical outlet, four walls, space and place for medications, an address and telephone, a place for pets, and a safe neighborhood. Nurses can be figurative stepping-stones out of homelessness and into health care. As care navigators, they assume some of the burden of disease management and triage, which is important for those newly housed and entering care for the first time. Providing care work on the street and in the home gives nurses an intimate knowledge of how „place‟ impacts a person‟s health narrative. These narratives are shared to advocate for client needs and encourage moral and political action. It is hoped that findings spur research on housing‟s effect on chronic illnesses; support homeless, housing, and health care policy; and guide nurses in place-based care work.
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    Occupy Madison Village: A Case Study of the Lived Experience
    (2019-10) Longworth, Michelle
    In December 2018, The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development conducted its annual point-in-time homeless assessment study. The study estimated the national homeless count as 553,000, an increase from the previous 2017 report. Developments of tiny house villages, as an alternative approach to the on-going challenge of housing the homeless, were found in several regions of the country. The purpose of the case study was to describe the phenomenon of people with a history of homelessness living in Occupy Madison Village, a tiny house village located in Madison, Wisconsin. Participant narratives were analyzed to identify themes and describe their perceptions of the experience. The advocates for the Occupy Madison Village creatively combined best practices from multiple approaches of housing and community development. The objective was to pull together elements of governance, community-based decision making, and communal living elements. Descriptions of participatory governance, decision making, and design created an environment that encouraged individuals to develop place and community attachment. Themes of place and community attachment emerged from examples of personalization of the space, sense of belonging, length of residency, purpose, and community participation. The integration of community focused principles of cooperative housing and cohousing and place and community attachment encouraged experiences that generated long term residency, self-efficacy, leadership skills, and community engagement.
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    Shelter for good?: examining the ethical issues of housing first for homeless substance abusers
    (2013-08) Barrett, Tyler Dane
    In the past fifteen years, the guiding philosophies used in addressing chronic homelessness have undergone a radical shift in approach. Whereas nearly all shelters once stipulated substance addicted or mentally ill residents must undergo treatment for chemical dependency and mental illness prior to admittance, in recent years many cities across the United States and abroad have adopted a "housing first" model. This approach treats housing as a basic human right and allows homeless individuals immediate and indefinite access to shelter and related resources without requirements of treatment, sobriety, or abstinence. This paper examines the establishment, proliferation, and evolution of housing first programs, their efficacy and the empirical research that has been collected in recent years, and the persisting ethical dilemmas and considerations that need to be addressed.
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    Understanding the world of work from the perspective of young adults in transitional housing situations.
    (2009-05) Brooks, Keith Stanley
    Short term and long term homelessness leaves a lasting impact on the families who are striving to have stability through housing and other basic components of a functional independent life. It's important that we as human beings recognize the human obligation to clothe the naked and feed the hungry. The foundational concept of addressing this issue finds its root in a simple question: How can anyone be without food and shelter with a wealth of resources in our midst? One element that is researched in this paper asks, "What are the experiences of young adults with employment who are in homeless or transitional housing situations? Using past professional relationships to get a glimpse at this problem statement, I conducted surveys at YouthLink and the Dorothy Day Center. These two Twin Cities agencies have been addressing these issues and supporting this population for decades. The data received resulted in hope knowing that there are many organizations that are committed to ending long term homelessness, including a strong presence on legislative agendas. The discouraging side looks at the disenfranchisement, mental & physical health issues and other systemic hurdles that many people on the street have to face on a daily basis.