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Browsing by Subject "Green"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Influence of COMT genotype polymorphism on plasma and urine green tea catechin levels in postmenopausal women
    (2014-09) Perry, Alyssa Heather
    Catechins are the major polyphenolic compound in green tea that have been investigated extensively over the past few decades in relation to the treatment of various chronic diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. O-methylation is a major Phase II metabolic pathway of green tea catechins (GTCs) via the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). A single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene coding for COMT leads to individuals with a high-, intermediate-, or low-activity COMT enzyme. An epidemiological case-control study suggests that green tea consumption is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer in women with an intermediate- or low-activity COMT genotype. A cross-sectional analysis discovered that men homozygous for the low-activity COMT genotype showed a reduction in total tea polyphenols in spot urine samples compared to the intermediate- and high-activity genotypes. Several human intervention trials have assessed green tea intake, metabolism, and COMT genotype with conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to determine if the COMT polymorphism would modify the excretion and plasma levels of GTCs in 180 postmenopausal women at high risk for breast cancer consuming a green tea extract supplement containing 1222 mg total catechins daily for 12 months. All participants in the study were a sub-set from the larger parent study "Green Tea and Reduction of Breast Cancer Risk." Thirty subjects with the high-activity COMT genotype, thirty with intermediate-activity COMT genotype, and thirty with low-activity COMT genotype from each of the placebo and treatment groups were analyzed. No statistically significant differences were found in any urinary or plasma catechin metabolite measurements between the homozygous high-activity and homozygous low-activity COMT genotype in the treatment group. Additionally, no differences were found when high-, intermediate-, and low-activity COMT genotypes were all compared in the treatment group. This suggests that the COMT genotype does not play a major role in GTC metabolism. Dosing of GTC and timing of biological samples are important factors that may need further research in future trials evaluating the effect of COMT genotype and GTC metabolism.
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    Phasing Sustainability low tech sustainable housing prototype.
    (2012-02) Ankeny, Jeffrey William
    Abstract summary not available
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    Somewhere That's Green? visions of sustainable suburbia
    (2013-11) Wlodarczyk, Holly Ann
    Conceived and represented throughout its history as a primarily residential landscape combining the best aspects of city and country, suburbia has traditionally been painted with the rhetorically green brushstrokes of leaves, gardens and grass. In more recent decades, coinciding largely with rapid mass suburbanization sprawling across North America, suburban development has rather come to be seen as antithetical to the preservation and appreciation of the natural world, indicative of a lifestyle spatially and experientially alienated from nature's amenities despite its many trees and lawns. Contemporary environmental movements promoting a "green" agenda often dismiss suburbia as a wholly unsustainable paradigm. However, emergent trends in planning, building, marketing, consumption, and entertainment attempt to reconcile long held desires for suburban places that bring everyday life closer to nature with ecological pressures to live in greater harmony with nature. This project examines tensions and synergies between suburbia as it has been physically and culturally constructed since the mid-twentieth century and some of the many hypothetically greener conceptions either currently in development or envisioned as on the horizon. Through analysis of popular media discourses and representational practices positioning subdivisions and single-family homes as symbolic as well as symptomatic of this iconic privatized built environment, this project explores how and why various solutions posed for suburbia's perceived ecological problems envision compromises that either only peripherally address the substance of many environmental critiques, or are fundamentally at odds with what continues to make suburbia so desirable as a residential choice.
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    What Shade of "Green" is Your Event?
    (University of Minnesota Tourism Center, 2009) Gustafson, Kent