Browsing by Subject "Distillers Grains"
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Item Effect of feeding high protein dried distillers grains in beef finishing diets on carcass characterIstics, beef quality, and sensory attributes.(2011-07) Popowski, Jacqueline MarieAngus steers (n=48) were individually fed one of three dietary treatments in the feedlot finishing phase that included a conventional corn based diet (CON); a treatment containing 35% dried distillers grains with solubles replacing dry rolled corn (DDGS); and a treatment containing 35% high protein dried distillers grains replacing dry rolled corn (HPDDG). Including HPDDG in beef cattle finishing diets tended to reduce overall daily feed intake (P=0.08); however, average daily gain and final body weight were not affected (P=0.49 and P=0.54, respectively). There were no differences among treatments for dressing percentage (P=0.22), hot carcass weight (P=0.54), 12th rib back fat (P=0.18), and percent kidney pelvic and heart fat (P=0.35). Longissimus muscle was similar (P=0.57) among treatment and averaged 78.1 cm2 for across treatments. Average USDA Yield Grades were similar (P=0.54) for CON, DDGS, and HPDDG (2.56, 2.75, and 2.69, respectively). Marbling scores (where 500=small00, 600=modest00) were similar (P=0.26) across treatments. Fabrication loss was similar across treatments for the inside round, strip loin, and shoulder clod (P=0.20, 0.36, and 0.20, respectively). Drip and purge loss percentages were similar across treatments (P=0.49 and 0.16, respectively). Shear force values did not differ among treatments (P=0.25) and averaged 2.54, 2.37, and 2.88 kg, respectively. Consumer sensory scores for overall liking (P=0.10), texture liking (P=0.47), toughness (P=0.17), and off flavor (P=0.20) did not differ among treatments; however, there was a trend for higher flavor liking ratings for CON steaks compared to HPDDG (P=0.06). High protein dried distillers grains steaks were rated the highest for juiciness (8.49). For cooked sausage, CON rated the highest for overall liking and flavor liking (P=0.01 and P=0.04, respectively). The CON and HPDDG sausages were rated higher than DDGS for texture liking and toughness (P=0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). For strip steak objective shelf life, treatment did not affect L* or b* values (P=0.87 and 0.43, respectively), however treatment did affect a* values (P=0.0001). Redness values were higher for CON as compared to DDGS and HPDDG. Treatment affected subjective scores for lean color, surface discoloration and overall appearance (P=0.0001) of strip steaks. Objective shelf life analysis of ground beef, summer sausage, and bologna indicated that treatment did not affect mean L*, a*, or b* values (P=0.15, 0.16, and 0.23 respectively). CON ground beef had a more desirable subjective lean color (P=0.001) and overall appearance (P=0.001) than DDGS and HPDDG. Treatment had no effect on bologna subjective scores for lean color and surface discoloration (P=0.07 and 0.10, respectively).Treatment did affect mean overall appearance (P=0.03), with higher values for CON as compared to DDGS and HPDDG. For summer sausage, there was no effect of treatment on subjective scores for lean color (P=0.35) surface discoloration (P=0.38) and overall appearance (P=0.31). Treatment had no effect on saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid percentage (P=0.44 and 0.86 respectively), however; treatment did affect polyunsaturated fatty acid (P=0.0001), with CON having lower values than DDGS and HPDDG. There was no difference between treatments on d 0 (P=0.50) for lipid oxidation in ground beef, however, on d 7 HPDDG had increased values compared to DDGS and CON (P=0.001) as indicated by TBARS. Results indicate that beef cattle finished on diets containing high protein dried distillers grains may replace up to 35% of corn grain in feedlot diets and not affect carcass characteristics, moisture loss, and shear force of fresh beef products. However, inclusion of HPDDG in the diet at 35% may increase lipid oxidation resulting in a decrease in shelf life and unfavorable changes in sensory characteristics of fresh steaks. Keywords: Distillers Grains, High Protein, Beef QualityItem Utilizing Reduced-Oil Corn Distillers Grains with Solubles in Finishing Beef Cattle Diets(2015-10) Hohertz, AlexAs ethanol producers continue to seek greater value from a grain, adoption of oil extraction via front-end fractionation of the whole kernel prior to fermentation or through back-end centrifugation of the thin stillage stream contributes to varying nutrient composition and feeding value of distillers grains with solubles (DGS). The impact of oil extraction on finishing feedlot cattle performance and resulting energy values is an item of interest to cattle feeders and nutritionists. Thus, two studies were conducted: a 181-d finishing feedlot experiment and a meta-analysis of published data, to determine effects of oil extraction on finishing cattle performance and resulting energy values. Effects of feeding reduced-fat (RF) modified wet distillers grains with solubles (MDGS) on finishing cattle performance, carcass characteristics, and resulting energy values were evaluated in Study 1. Linear contrasts in experiment 1 demonstrated that feeding RF MDGS at 30 and 45% inclusion (high inclusion) led to cattle consuming more DM than feeding full-fat (FF) or RF MDGS at 15% inclusion. There were no significant differences in all other performance variables, carcass characteristics or resulting energy values. Study 2 was conducted utilizing a meta-analysis approach to determine the energy value of oil extracted corn distillers grains with solubles (DGS) in finishing feedlot cattle diets. Results from Study 2 revealed that feeding FF DGS resulted in greater ADG compared to feeding RF DGS or control diets, and feeding RF DGS resulted in greater ADG compared to feeding control diets. At increasing DGS inclusion, feeding FF DGS led to lower DMI than feeding RF DGS. Feeding DGS at moderate or high inclusion, regardless of fat content, resulted in greater feed conversion efficiency compared to feeding control diets. At high inclusion, feeding FF DGS led to greater feed conversion efficiency than feeding RF DGS. Feeding FF DGS at moderate or high inclusion or RF DGS at moderate inclusion resulted in greater observed ME concentration compared to feeding control diets. One unit of ether extract (EE) from DGS contributed 0.06 Mcal ME/kg DM to dietary ME. Results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that reducing oil content of corn DGS reduced energy value of the DGS, thus corrections to energy content of currently available DGS are required. A third experiment was conducted to characterize the nutrient content of corn plant components at various corn crop harvest endpoints. Through reproductive stages of development, corn plant DM increased until dry corn grain harvest. Concurrently; NDF, ADF, and CP concentrations decrease as the plant matures while ether extract (EE) increases once the plant reaches physiological maturity. When concluding the results of this experiment in terms of a producer growing corn as a feed resource for cattle, it is recommended that scouting of corn fields begins once pollination occurs. By beginning to scout fields at the beginning of reproduction, producers can then closely monitor plant DM in order to harvest various corn crop endpoints at their ideal time.