Browsing by Subject "Colon Cancer"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Design And Fabrication Of A Microchip To Generate Sequential Pulse Output For Artificial Skin Sensor Array
    (2016-09) Swapan, Md Shaiful
    In this project, we have designed and implemented the circuit, which basically generates sequential shifted pulse sequences. The circuit is a part of the pressure sensor system for colonoscopy. The other parts of the sensing system include the artificial skin sensor array and a data acquisition (DA) system. The circuit will be connected with sensor array to detect the signal at each dot of the sensing array grid. The artificial skin sensor array has been designed by our research partner in MIE department. The designed circuit will be integrated with the pressure sensor array to convert the pressure value into electrical signal, which should be readable from the computer terminal through a DA System. The designed circuit is expected to provide multiple outputs from a single input signal. Each output should be distinguishable. The work we reported in this thesis is the second version of the circuit design. The circuit designed in the first version has the problem of too much offset from our expected output. In this version, we improved this through adding additional noises and offset. We implemented the designed circuit on both breadboard and printed circuit board (PCB). Testing results on each board shows expected performance. In addition, we also made effort to fabricate the circuit on a microchip in order to minimize the size of the circuit and make it finally fit into the sensor system for practical application. We applied the very large scale integrated-circuit (VLSI) technique on the implementation of the microchip. We went through the procedure of creating the scheme of microchip fabrication through VLSI software Cadence® and verify the layout using Calibre® physical verification software. We used the free service from MOSIS, Inc for the fabrication process. The fabricated circuit is expected to arrive in a couple of months. Testing of the circuit will be one of our subsequent tasks of this project.
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    The Effects Of Different Wheat Types On Colon Cancer Risk
    (2020-08) Thyne, Vanessa
    Colon cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States (1). A variety of risk factors play a role in the etiology of this disease, including environmental risk factors (2, 3). Because of this, considerable research has gone into finding ways to increase consumption of foods that have an inverse association with colon cancer (4). While several epidemiological studies have shown an association between a diet high in whole grains and a lower risk of colon cancer, experimental studies have been inconsistent. This study looks at the effects of wheat class on colon carcinogenesis during the post-initiation stage of colon cancer development in rats. It also examined whether intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) commercially known as Kernza TM, a perennial grass being developed as an alternate to wheat, modifies colon cancer risk in a way similar to red wheat. A major endpoint of this study was enumeration of colonic phenotypic markers known as aberrant crypt foci (ACF), an early pre- cancerous lesion. Additionally, based on previous findings indicating that the type and amount of mucin production is a marker for dysplasia (5), changes in mucin production was examined as well. Finally, CD44, a putative marker of cancer stem cells, was determined immunohistochemically as an additional indicator of colon cancer risk. It was found that there was a significantly greater number of sialomucin-stained ACF (SIM_ACF), and mucin-depleted ACF (MDF) staining in white wheat and vs. red wheat, indicating a higher degree of dysplasia in white wheat. This shows a greater protective effect of red wheat vs. white wheat in the ACF of the colon. Moreover, staining for CD44 was found to be higher in ACFs of white wheat and IWG vs. red wheat. The correlation between the two, indicated by a dysplasia score, 0.7029 (p<0.0001) demonstrates a positive relationship between CD44 and dysplasia. The reduced number of dysplastic markers along with a higher dysplasia score in white wheat and IWG vs. red wheat supports a protective effect of red wheat.
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    The effects of wheat class and processing on markets of colon cancer risk in carcinogen-treated rats.
    (2009-02) Islam, Ajmila
    A previous study in this laboratory found that hard red wheat is more effective than soft white wheat in reducing colon cancer risk, regardless of processing state, based on fewer aberrant crypt foci (ACF), a morphological marker of colon cancer risk. Here we examined the effect of wheat class (red vs. white) and processing (whole vs. refined) on reducing markers of colon cancer risk during the early and late promotion stage of colon cancer development. Rats adapted to a basal diet were treated twice with the colon-specific carcinogen, dimethylhydrazine (DMH). After the last dose of carcinogen, rats were divided into either the basal diet or the wheat flour-based diet groups. Both hard red and soft white wheat flour significantly reduced morphological markers such as ACF, and sialomucin producing ACF (SiM-ACF), an ACF with greater tumorigenic potential, compared to the basal diet. These reductions occurred equally with whole and refined wheat. Both hard red and soft white wheat diets significantly reduced a biochemical marker of risk, beta-catenin accumulated crypts (BCAC), compared to the basal diet, but hard red wheat did so to a greater degree. Only hard red wheat significantly reduced a marker of stem cells mutation, metallothionein positive crypts, compared to soft white wheat. Hard red wheat caused regression of ACF, suggesting it can reduce the risk level of colon cancer. Overall, hard red wheat reduced colon cancer risk more than soft white wheat, regardless of processing state. The differences between wheat flours were greater in the late promotion stage.
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    Timeliness and Equity as Overlooked Quality Domains: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Timeliness of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Receipt for Stage III Colon Cancer
    (2018-12) Joseph, Jennifer
    Consensus and evidence-based guidelines or quality measures provide treatment recommendations to promote standardized, high-quality health care. This research focused on a specific guideline which recommends stage III colon cancer patients to receive adjuvant chemotherapy within 4 months of diagnosis. It was endorsed by the National Quality Forum (NQF) in 2007 and has yet to be investigated for two important yet understudied health care quality domains: timeliness and racial/ethnic equity of care. Data from the linked Surveillance and Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry and Medicare claims were used to investigate the following topics: 1. disparities in guideline-concordant adjuvant chemotherapy receipt, distinguishing between omitted and delayed chemotherapy as forms of guideline discordance; 2. racial/ethnic disparities in timeliness of adjuvant chemotherapy receipt, while assessing wait time disparities before and after tumor resection; 3. the impact of the guideline in changing rates of timely adjuvant chemotherapy receipt and racial differences in trends over time. This research provides important new insights into racial/ethnic equity of cancer care for White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander patients, with a nuanced focus on timeliness and delay that is overlooked in the quality of care literature.