Browsing by Subject "Access"

Now showing 1 - 17 of 17
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    Access to Public Transit and Its Infuence on Ridership for Older Adults in Two U.S. Cities
    (Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2009) Hess, Daniel Baldwin
    Growth in the population of older adults (age 60 and above) in coming years will challenge urban planners and transportation managers to provide travel options that support autonomy. To investigate barriers that older adults experience in using public transit, this research explores associations between older adults who do and do not ride fixed-route public transit and their neighborhood walking access to buses and trains. The research tests whether or not the distance between a trip origin or destination and a transit stop or station is a significant factor in predicting frequency of transit ridership. Data from a survey of older adults in California and New York is used to regress older adults’ frequency of riding public transit against explanatory variables, including demographic and socioeconomic variables, access and mobility measures, and neighborhood characteristics. Findings suggest that self-reported walking distance to transit has a statistically significant influence—in San José, California, but not in Buffalo, New York—in predicting transit ridership frequency. Drivers are more sensitive to walking distance than nondrivers. Models estimate that in San José, each additional five minutes in perceived walking time to transit decreases transit ridership frequency by five percent for nondrivers and by 25 percent for drivers. Older adults are likely to ride transit more often if they are male, nonwhite, and low income.
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    Commercial Gentrification Along Twin Cities Transitway Corridors
    (Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, 2022-05) Wexler, Noah; Fan, Yingling
    This report examines how the construction and operation of Light Rail and Bus Rapid Transit corridors in the Twin Cities metropolitan area affected commercial gentrification. Using data on establishments providing retail, food, or personal services, we use several econometric approaches to examine how both the construction and operation of new transit affected sales, employment, and concentration of nearby establishments. We estimate separate models for small single-location firms and establishments affiliated with larger multiple-location firms. Overall, we find that robust evidence that the Green Line reduced sales for single-location firms. We also find some evidence that the A Line BRT slightly reduced sales and employment for the same types of firms. By contrast, the Blue Line did not have significant effects on nearby stores. We use the Green Line as a case study to examine the mechanisms of transit-induced commercial gentrification, finding that gentrification effects are correlated with positive residential construction effects. These findings suggest that transit-induced gentrification is dependent on transit's affects on surrounding physical infrastructure, pointing to actionable policy remedies that can protect small firms during periods when nearby construction may disrupt business.
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    Finding food: Issues and challenges in using Geographic Information Systems to measure food access
    (Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2010) Forsyth, Ann; Lytle, Leslie; Van Riper, David
    A significant amount of travel is undertaken to find food. This paper examines challenges in measuring access to food using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), important in studies of both travel and eating behavior. It compares different sources of data available including fieldwork, land use and parcel data, licensing information, commercial listings, taxation data, and online street-level photographs. It proposes methods to classify different kinds of food sales places in a way that says something about their potential for delivering healthy food options. In assessing the relationship between food access and travel behavior, analysts must clearly conceptualize key variables, document measurement processes, and be clear about the strengths and weaknesses of data.
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    Gender Mainstreaming in City Comprehensive Plans, A Transportation Focus
    (2020-04-16) McDonnell, Ania
    Gender mainstreaming is an effective tool to shape policies and planning in order to equally benefit all genders. This paper addresses gender mainstreaming practices with transportation policies, specifically with city comprehensive plans. Transportation is necessary for individual mobility, access, and economic engagement with society. Due to the economic disparities among groups of people, low-income people and women are often faced with different spatial and time mobility. Transportation policy is driving the planning process directly on the local level, through city comprehensive plans, specifically in the transportation section. City comprehensive plans are a broad and general document that set the vision for the city planners and policy makers for the next 20 years. This paper analyzes four city comprehensive plants transportation section alongside existing gender disparities in transportation to address whether the plans are serving the needs of all people and the existing disparities in the transportation system. Gender and transportation are overlooked in the present because there are no measures, guidance, or participation of users in the planning of the document or the systems in place. This paper goes beyond just quantifying gender and gender disparities, by utilizing a mixed-method approach to understand the needs to create a more equitable and inclusive system.
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    In vitro comparison of PFM crown retention following endodontic access and subsequent restoration: amalgam, composite, amalgam with composite veneer, and fiber post with composite
    (2014-08) Brezinsky, Scott Aaron, DDS.
    Introduction: An in vitro investigation of crown retention following endodontic access on molar porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crowns and subsequent restoration using amalgam, composite, amalgam + composite, or fiber post + composite.Methods: 40 human extracted molars were mounted in acrylic resin and prepared for PFM crowns. PFM crowns were fabricated, cemented with zinc phosphate, and the force to displace each crown was measured with a tensile-testing machine before and after endodontic access preparations. The endodontic access area, crown preparation axial wall, and preparation surface area was measured for each sample for comparison. The crowns were then recemented and access openings restored with either amalgam or composite before displacement force was remeasured. The restorative material was removed from each access opening, access area measured, and restored again (amalgam with composite or fiber post with composite) for displacement force to be re-measured. To compare for retention without a restored access opening, 13 randomly selected samples were removed of the restorative material, recemented and crowns again removed. Paired T test was used to compare the means of displacement between groups. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean outcome measure within the groups. Results: Statistical analyses showed retention following unfilled access was significantly lower than intact crowns. Amalgam, composite, amalgam + composite, and fiber post + composite increased retention beyond the original value. There was no statistical difference between amalgam and composite materials nor amalgam + composite from fiber post + composite. Qualitative results indicate that the restorative material remains in the crown following displacement regardless of the material used to restore the access. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that an endodontic access cavity decreases retention of a PFM. However, subsequent restoration with amalgam, composite, amalgam + composite, or post + composite may increase the original retention of the crown.
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    Montréal’s roots: Exploring the growth of Montréal’s Indoor City
    (J, 2011) El-Geneidy, Ahmed; Kastelberger, Lisa; Abdelhamid, Hatem
    Indoor pedestrian pathways are increasingly common in cities worldwide. Montréal’s Indoor City is one of the most expansive indoor pedestrian networks in the world, extending for more than 32 kilometers (19.88 miles) and covering an area of twelve square kilometers (4.6 square miles) in the city’s downtown. The benefits associated with the growth of Montréal’s indoor network are numerous, including: improved access throughout the downtown; shorter pedestrian walking distances; year-round climate protection; and increased amounts of public spaces. The research described in this paper examines the historical growth of Montréal’s Indoor City, with the aim of exploring the factors that caused its rapid growth. Specifically, changes in pedestrian access to retail space over time are modeled in a geographic information system to highlight major phases in the growth of the network. This research develops a theoretical framework, constructs a comprehensive time sequence describing the growth of the Indoor City’s pedestrian network, and interprets the results to convey the lessons learned from Montréal’s planning policies towards the Indoor City. The results of this research suggest that a series of plans and administrative policies adopted by the City of Montréal over the past 45 years have had a significant impact on the growth of the Indoor City. At the same time, it is also clear that access to retail and public transit (especially the underground metro lines), as well as a loophole in the Montréal legislative system, have had significant effects on the growth of the Indoor City.
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    Quality of Life: Assessment for Transportation Performance Measures
    (Minnesota Department of Transportation, 2013-01) Schneider, Ingrid E.; Guo, Tian; Schroeder, Sierra
    Quality of life (QOL) is a commonly used term. Defining QOL, however, is an ongoing challenge that experts often take on with minimal input from citizens. This groundbreaking research sought citizen input on what comprised QOL and what role transportation played in it. Further, this research explored in detail the important factors across the breadth of transportation and how the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) was performing on these important factors. The research encompassed three phases between 2010 and 2011: (1) an extensive literature review on QOL, (2) 24 focus groups that asked Minnesota’s citizens about their QOL, and (3) a mail questionnaire about what matters in quality of life, transportation and their intersection. Eleven related quality of life factors emerged, including transportation: education, employment and finances, environment, housing, family, friends and neighbors, health, local amenities, recreation and entertainment, safety, spirituality/faith/serenity, and transportation. Within transportation, seven important areas were identified that predicted satisfaction with MnDOT services: access, design, environmental issues, maintenance, mobility, safety and transparency. Results reveal that a) QOL is complex and transportation plays an important and consistent role in it across Minnesota; b) transportation is critical to QOL because it connects us to important destinations in aspects that matter most; and c) Minnesotans can readily identify what matters and how the state is performing within the breadth of transportation services.
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    Silha Bulletin
    (University of Minnesota, 2022-08) University of Minnesota: Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law; Kirtley, Jane E.; Colby, Claire; Samantha, Brunn; Srodulski, Luke; Hargrove, Elaine
    The Silha Bulletin is a publication of the Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law in the Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Communication, part of the College of Liberal Arts at the University of Minnesota Twi Cities campus.
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    Silha Bulletin
    (University of Minnesota, 2017)
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    Silha Bulletin Fall 2017 Volume 23 Number 1
    (University of Minnesota and the Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law, 2017) University of Minnesota: Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law; Kirtley, Jane E.; Memmel, Scott; Robb, Brittany; Turacek, Ashley
    The Silha Bulletin is a newsletter published by the Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law, a research Center within the Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. It is published three times a year.
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    Silha Bulletin Fall 2018
    (University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Communication Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law, 2018-12) University of Minnesota: Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law; Kirtley, Jane E.; Memmel, Scott; Nordstrom, Kirsten; Wiley, Sarah; Carmody, Casey; Hargrove, Elaine
    A publication of the Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law
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    Silha Bulletin Fall 2019
    (University of Minnesota, 2019-12) University of Minnesota: Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law; Kirtley, Jane E.; Memmel, Scott; Wiley, Sarah; Anderson, Jonathan; Hargrove, Elaine
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    Silha Bulletin Summer 2019 Volume 24, No. 3
    (University of Minnesota, 2019-08) Kirtley, Jane E.; Memmel, Scott; Arch, Eric; Hargrove, Elaine
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    Silha Bulletin Winter/Spring 2011, Volume 16, Number 2
    (University of Minnesota, Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law, 2011-05) Kirtley, Jane E.; File, Patrick; Pipoly, Geoff; Cannon, Sara
    Silha Bulletin, a publication of the Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law within the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.
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    Silha Bulletin Winter/Spring 2020
    (University of Minnesota, 2020-06) University of Minnesota: Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law; Kirtley, Jane E.; Memmel, Scott; Anderson, Jonathan; Wiley, Sarah; Hargrove, Elaine
    The Silha Bulletin is the newletter of the Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law, published three times a year.
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    Silha Bulletin, Fall 2020, Volume 26, No. 1
    (University of Minnesota, The Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law, 2021-01) University of Minnesota: Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law; Kirtley, Jane, E.; Anderson, Jonathan; Memmel, Scott; Hargrove, Elaine
    The Silha Bulletin is a publication of the Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law, a research center housed within the Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Communication. The Bulletin is published three times a year.
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    Teaching Dance Concepts: Moving Toward an Inclusive and Innovative Future
    (2015-05) Shinar, Anat
    This research paper explores how dance education can contribute to continuing education and careers for students in all sectors, through its training in creativity. The paper also examines how conceptual dance education creates environments for inclusion and accessibility. Analyzing research in dance education, dance history, and business trends, I follow the concepts of space, time, effort, body, movement, and form, and demonstrate how these prepare students for careers that require creativity.