This readme.txt file was generated on <2022-03-28> by Anh K. Tran Recommended citation for the data: Kees, Aubree M; Tran, Anh K; Hutchison, William D; Aukema, Brian H; Rao, Sujaya; Rogers, Mary A; Asplen, Mark A. (2022). Data supporting: Comparing Drosophila suzukii flight behavior using free-flight and tethered flight assays, https://doi.org/10.13020/4nsz-x660. ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- 1. Title of Dataset Data supporting: Comparing Drosophila suzukii flight behavior using free-flight and tethered flight assays 2. Author Information Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Anh K. Tran Institution: University of Minnesota Address: 1980 Folwell Ave 219 Hodson Hall St. Paul, MN 55108 Email: aktran@umn.edu ORCID: 0000-0002-7568-0341 Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Aubree M. Kees Institution: University of Minnesota Address: 1980 Fowell Ave 219 Hodson Hall St. Paul, MN 55108 Email: wilke137@umn.edu Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: W. D. Hutchison Institution: University of Minnesota Address: 1980 Fowell Ave 219 Hodson Hall St. Paul, MN 55108 Email: hutch002@umn.edu Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Brian H. Aukema Institution: University of Minnesota Address: 1980 Fowell Ave 219 Hodson Hall St. Paul, MN 55108 Email: BrianAukema@umn.edu Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Sujaya Rao Institution: University of Minnesota Address: 1980 Fowell Ave 219 Hodson Hall St. Paul, MN 55108 Email: sujaya@umn.edu Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Mary A. Rogers Institution: University of Minnesota Address: 1970 Fowell Ave 438 Alderman Hall St. Paul, MN 55108 Email: roge0168@umn.edu Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Mark K. Asplen Institution: Metropolitan State University Address: 700 East Seventh Street Saint Paul, MN 55106 Email: mark.asplen@metrostate.edu 3. Date of data collection (single date, range, approximate date) 2021-01-22 to 2021-04-09 4. Geographic location of data collection (where was data collected?): Metropolitan State University Department of Natural Resources 700 East Seventh Street, Saint Paul, MN 55106 5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: Sponsorship: Minnesota Invasive Terrestrial Plants and Pests Center (through the the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund; mitppc.umn.edu) -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 United States 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: To be updated 3. Was data derived from another source? If yes, list source(s): No 4. Terms of Use: Data Repository for the U of Minnesota (DRUM) By using these files, users agree to the Terms of Use. https://conservancy.umn.edu/pages/drum/policies/#terms-of-use --------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW --------------------- 1. File List A. Filename: data.xslx Short description: Flight data B. Filename: Readme.txt Short description: Description of data -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: For detailed description please refer to the materials and methods section of publication: Tran, A.K., Kees, A.M., Hutchison, W.D., Aukema, B.H, Rao, S., Rogers, M.A. & Asplen, M.K. (2022) Comparing Drosophila suzukii flight behavior using free-flight and tethered flight assays. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata00: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13222 D. suzukii rearing: Flight experiments were conducted using laboratory-reared D. suzukii adults. A fly colony was established by collecting infested raspberry fruit at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN in 2020. Summer morphs were reared in narrow polystyrene vials with foam plugs with an artificial diet comprised of agar, cornmeal, sugar, and yeast. Vials were stored in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1°C, a photoperiod of 16:8 (light:dark) hours and relative humidity of 50 ± 10%. Adult winter morph D. suzukii were produced by placing vials with 1 to 3-days-old eggs from summer morphs into another growth chamber at 10 ± 1°C, a photoperiod of 12:12 (light:dark) hours and relative humidity of 60 ± 10%. Summer and winter morph pupae were individually transferred to 1.5ml clear microcentrifuge tubes with approximately 2μl of 40% sucrose water solution. The microcentrifuge tubes with the pupae were stored in growth chamber at 12 ± 1°C with a photoperiod of 16:8 (light:dark) hours and relative humidity of 60 ± 10% for adult emergence. Adult summer and winter morphs were approximately 2 to 4-days-old when used in the study. The tethered and free flight assays occurred with the same cohort of adult flies on the same day. Tethered Flight Data A 12 computer-monitored flight mill designed by Fahrner et al. (2014) was used to investigate the tethered flight behavior of D. suzukii. In brief, the flight mill consisted of an electronic sensor that would detect when D. suzukii flew in a horizontal axis connected to a tethered arm. The tethered arm consisted of a No. 1 stainless steel insect pin with a 6.0 cm copper wire wound around the pin forming a cross. The magnets held the steel insect pin upright and the pin provided the central axis around which flight occurred. Approximately 1.0 - 2.0 mm of the terminal copper wire was bent to a 90° downward angle to which the fly was attached. The final radius of the tethered arm was 5.5 cm. The sharp end of the pin with the attached copper wire was drilled through the center of a circular encoder wheel with four equal radial splits. When the wheel rotated from flight, a sensor would detect the phase changes of the wheel. To affix adults to the tether, individuals were anesthetized with CO2. Once the flies were sedated, adults were transferred to a filter paper that was placed on top of an icepack. The tethered arm with the 90° bent end was dipped into super glue and attached to the flies’ dorsal sides between the prescutum and scutum. Due to the small size of D. suzukii, a counterweight was not required to balance the tether arm. Once the fly was successfully attached, the tether arm was placed on the flight mill to begin recording. Flight was not instigated with any external stimulus (e.g., visual, physical contact, puff of air). Flight was recorded in real time on a dedicated computer equipped with LabVIEW 2011 software (National Instruments, Austin, Texas). The raw data from LabVIEW was extracted using R version 4.1.0 (R Core Team 2021) and RStudio Desktop version 1.4.1717 (R Studio Team 2021). Flight information recorded was propensity (flight or no flight), velocity, density, and duration of flight for each fly. Flight was defined when D. suzukii completed one and a half full revolution (i.e., six radial ticks). Drosophila suzukii were left on the flight mill for approximately 24 hours with constant light. Free-Flight Study A vertical flight chamber similar to the one described by Asplen et al. (2009), which in turn is modified version of those from Blackmer and Phelan (1991) and Kennedy and Booth (1963), was used to investigate free-flight behaviors. In brief, the flight chamber was 1-m3 and constructed with plywood painted black with exception of the front, which had a plexiglass door to observe D. suzukii behavior. Before flight, D. suzukii were acclimated to the chamber by placing the microcentrifuge tubes in the chamber for approximately 10 minutes. After acclimating, individual microcentrifuge tubes were placed in the center of the chamber in a rack and with the caps opened to allow D. suzukii to leave the tube. To determine flight, D. suzukii had to vertically ascend from the platform within 3 minutes. If D. suzukii did not fly during this allotted time frame, we concluded that flight did not occur. After D. suzukii landed and did not initiate flight again within 1 minute, the fly was re-captured, and flight was concluded. We did not consider jumping out of the microcentrifuge tube or hopping around the platform as flight. We measured propensity, phototaxis (flight towards sunlight cue), bouts (the number of take-offs), and duration by directly observing and recording each individual D. suzukii. The studies with the tethered flight mill and the free flight chamber were performed at Metropolitan State University, St. Paul, MN. Citations: Asplen, M. K., J. A. Hardin, and D. N. Byrne. 2009. The relationship between pre-oviposition flight behaviour and reproductive timing in whitefly parasitoids. Physiological Entomology. 34: 350–358. Blackmer, J. L., and P. L. Phelan. 1991. Behavior of Carpophilus hemipterus in a vertical flight chamber: transition from phototactic to vegetative orientation. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 58: 137–148. Fahrner, S. J., J. P. Lelito, K. Blaedow, G. E. Heimpel, and B. H. Aukema. 2014. Factors affecting the flight capacity of Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a classical biological control agent of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Environmental Entomology. 43: 1603–1612. Kennedy, J. S., and C. O. Booth. 1963. Free flight of aphids in the laboratory. Journal of Experimental Biology. 67–85. 2. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: Aubree M. Kees Anh K. Tran ----------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: data.xslx ----------------------------------------- 1. Number of variables: 1 2. Number of cases/rows: 401 3. Missing data codes: Symbol = . Definition = not applicable 4. Variable List A. Name: data Description: Format: yyyy-mm-dd The date that an individual Drosophila suzukii adult flight behavior was recorded B. Name: treatment Description: The type of flight apparatus that the individual Drosophila suzukii was observed chamber = free flight chamber mill = tethered flight mill C. Name: morph Description: Morphs of the Drosophila suzukii W = winter morph S = summer morph D. Name: sex Description: M = male F = female E. Name: age Description: Age of the adult fly measured in days Ranges between 2-4 F. Name: propensity Description: Yes or no flight 1 = yes flight 2 = no flight G. Name: phototactic: Description: flight towards light 1 = yes phototactic 0 = no phototactic . = not applicable H. Name: duration Description: Duration of flight measured in seconds I. Name: bouts Description: number of take-offs J. Name: distancecm Description: Distance of flight measured in centimeters K. Name: avgvelcm/s Description: Average velocity cm per seconds