This readme.txt file was generated on 20220123 by Stefan Liess (liess@umn.edu) ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- 1. Title of Dataset Dynamically downscaled CMIP5 climate projections for Minnesota 2. Author Information Stefan Liess, Tracy E. Twine, Peter K. Snyder, William D. Hutchison, Gabriel Konar-Steenberg, Bonnie L. Keeler, Kate A. Brauman Main Contact Information Name: Stefan Liess Institution: University of Minnesota Address: 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA Email: liess@umn.edu ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-8505 Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Peter K. Snyder Institution: University of Minnesota Email: pksnyder@umn.edu Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Tracy E. Twine Institution: University of Minnesota Email: twine@umn.edu 3. Dates of data: Daily data for historical 1980-1999, RCP4.5 2040-2059, RCP4.5 2080-2099, RCP8.5 2080-2099 4. Geographic location of data: Minnesota and surrounding counties between 41.46884N, 99.375W and 49.78038N, 88.625W 5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: Peter K. Snyder: Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources Grant Number:M.L. 2014,Chp. 312,Sec. 8 Bonnie L. Keeler: Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund Grant Number:M.L. 2015,Chp. 76,Sec. 2,Subd. 04a -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: none 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA001893 3. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: https://arcgis.dnr.state.mn.us/ewr/climateexplorer This is a subset of the same dataset (_biascorrected, see below), they just added the visualization tool on their website. 4. Links/relationships to ancillary data sets: https://prism.oregonstate.edu and https://doi.org/10.5067/0GGPB220EX6A (used for bias adjustment) After we finished our simulations, we compared temperature and precipitation to observations from https://prism.oregonstate.edu and we compared snow depth to data from https://doi.org/10.5067/0GGPB220EX6A . Then we added a bias adjusted version of our simulations (same name as the original variable, just with _biascorrected added to the variable name) to our dataset. whereby we adjusted all future projections with the same bias that we detected for the historical simulation. 5. Was data derived from another source? If yes, list source(s): https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip5 These data are the global climate projections that we used as input data for our simulations. 6. Recommended citation for the data: Liess, Stefan; Twine, Tracy E; Snyder, Peter K; Hutchison, William D; Konar-Steenberg, Gabriel; Keeler, Bonnie L; Brauman, Kate A. (2022). Dynamically downscaled CMIP5 climate projection data for Minnesota. Retrieved from the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota, https://doi.org/10.13020/YV29-JY19. --------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW --------------------- The four zip folders contain eight files each in netCDF format (one per input CMIP5 model) of daily model output dynamically downscaled with the WRF regional model (Skamarock et al. 2008) over the 20-year periods historical_1980-1999, RCP4.5_2040-2059, RCP4.5_2080-2099, and RCP8.5_2080-2099. File names are structured as follows: ___WRF.nc (example: historical_bcc-csm1-1_1980-1999_WRF.nc) More information on the scenarios can be found in van Vuuren et al. (2011), and the downscaling results are summarized in Liess et al. (2022). Liess, S., and Coauthors, 2022: High-resolution Climate Projections over Minnesota for the 21st Century. Earth and Space Science, https://www.essoar.org/doi/10.1002/essoar.10507340.2 Skamarock, W. C., and Coauthors, 2008: A description of the Advanced Research WRF version 3. National Center for Atmospheric Research, 125 pp. van Vuuren, D. P., and Coauthors, 2011: The representative concentration pathways: an overview. Clim. Change, 109, 5–31, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0148-z. 1. File List Below is an excerpt from the command ncdump -h historical_bcc-csm1-1_1980-1999_WRF.nc, that contains information on dimensions and variables in the netcdf files. "!" indicates lines with extra information. historical_bcc-csm1-1_1980-1999_WRF.nc netcdf historical_bcc-csm1-1_1980-1999_WRF { dimensions: Time = UNLIMITED ; // (7305 currently) LON = 130 ; LAT = 100 ; variables: double Time(Time) ; Time:standard_name = "time" ; Time:units = "days since 1980-01-01 00:00:00" ; Time:calendar = "standard" ; Time:axis = "T" ; Time:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float LON(LON) ; LON:axis = "X" ; float LAT(LAT) ; LAT:axis = "Y" ; float precip_biascorrected(Time, LAT, LON) ; ! precip_biascorrected:units = "mm d-1" ; precip_biascorrected:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; precip_biascorrected:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; precip_biascorrected:sum_op_ncl = "dim_sum_n over dimension(s): Time" ; ! precip_biascorrected:description = "Precipitation" ; precip_biascorrected:Time = 365.008333333334 ; precip_biascorrected:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float T2_biascorrected(Time, LAT, LON) ; T2_biascorrected:units = "K" ; T2_biascorrected:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; T2_biascorrected:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; T2_biascorrected:average_op_ncl = "dim_avg_n over dimension(s): Time" ; T2_biascorrected:FieldType = 104 ; T2_biascorrected:MemoryOrder = "XY " ; T2_biascorrected:description = "TEMP at 2 M" ; T2_biascorrected:Time = 365.008333333334 ; T2_biascorrected:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float T2_biascorrectedmax(Time, LAT, LON) ; ! T2_biascorrectedmax:units = "K" ; T2_biascorrectedmax:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; T2_biascorrectedmax:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; ! T2_biascorrectedmax:description = "DAILY MAX. TEMP at 2 M" ; T2_biascorrectedmax:Time = 365.008333333334 ; T2_biascorrectedmax:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float T2_biascorrectedmin(Time, LAT, LON) ; ! T2_biascorrectedmin:units = "K" ; T2_biascorrectedmin:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; T2_biascorrectedmin:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; ! T2_biascorrectedmin:description = "DAILY MIN. TEMP at 2 M" ; T2_biascorrectedmin:Time = 365.008333333334 ; T2_biascorrectedmin:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float RH(Time, LAT, LON) ; ! RH:units = "%" ; RH:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; RH:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; RH:average_op_ncl = "dim_avg_n over dimension(s): Time" ; RH:description = "Relative humidity at 2 m”; RH:Time = 365.008333333334 ; RH:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float LE(Time, LAT, LON) ; LE:units = "W m-2" ; LE:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; LE:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; LE:average_op_ncl = "dim_avg_n over dimension(s): Time" ; LE:FieldType = 104 ; LE:MemoryOrder = "XY " ; LE:description = "LATENT HEAT FLUX AT THE SURFACE" ; LE:Time = 365.008333333334 ; LE:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float H(Time, LAT, LON) ; H:units = "W m-2" ; H:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; H:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; H:average_op_ncl = "dim_avg_n over dimension(s): Time" ; H:FieldType = 104 ; H:MemoryOrder = "XY " ; H:description = "UPWARD HEAT FLUX AT THE SURFACE" ; H:Time = 365.008333333334 ; H:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float SNOWH(Time, LAT, LON) ; SNOWH:units = "m" ; SNOWH:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; SNOWH:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; SNOWH:average_op_ncl = "dim_avg_n over dimension(s): Time" ; SNOWH:FieldType = 104 ; SNOWH:MemoryOrder = "XY " ; SNOWH:description = "PHYSICAL SNOW DEPTH" ; SNOWH:Time = 365.008333333334 ; SNOWH:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float speed10(Time, LAT, LON) ; ! speed10:units = "m s-1" ; speed10:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; speed10:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; speed10:average_op_ncl = "dim_avg_n over dimension(s): Time" ; ! speed10:description = "Wind speed at 10m”; speed10:Time = 365.008333333334 ; speed10:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float SW(Time, LAT, LON) ; SW:units = "W m-2" ; SW:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; SW:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; SW:average_op_ncl = "dim_avg_n over dimension(s): Time" ; SW:FieldType = 104 ; SW:MemoryOrder = "XY " ; SW:description = "DOWNWARD SHORT WAVE FLUX AT GROUND SURFACE" ; SW:Time = 365.008333333334 ; SW:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float Rnet(Time, LAT, LON) ; ! Rnet:units = "W m-2" ; Rnet:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; Rnet:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; Rnet:average_op_ncl = "dim_avg_n over dimension(s): Time" ; Rnet:description = "TOTAL RADIATIVE FLUX AT GROUND SURFACE"; ! Rnet:Time = 365.008333333334 ; Rnet:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; ! Rnet contains the total of SW_downward - SW_upward + LW_downward - LW_upward. float GRDFLX(Time, LAT, LON) ; GRDFLX:units = "W m-2" ; GRDFLX:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; GRDFLX:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; GRDFLX:average_op_ncl = "dim_avg_n over dimension(s): Time" ; GRDFLX:FieldType = 104 ; GRDFLX:MemoryOrder = "XY " ; GRDFLX:description = "GROUND HEAT FLUX" ; GRDFLX:Time = 365.008333333334 ; GRDFLX:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float SNOWH_biascorrected(Time, LAT, LON) ; SNOWH_biascorrected:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; SNOWH_biascorrected:FieldType = 104 ; SNOWH_biascorrected:MemoryOrder = "XY " ; SNOWH_biascorrected:Time = 365.008333333334 ; SNOWH_biascorrected:average_op_ncl = "dim_avg_n over dimension(s): Time" ; SNOWH_biascorrected:description = "PHYSICAL SNOW DEPTH" ; SNOWH_biascorrected:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; SNOWH_biascorrected:units = "m" ; SNOWH_biascorrected:coordinates = "XLONG XLAT" ; SNOWH_biascorrected:stagger = "" ; SNOWH_biascorrected:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float T2(Time, LAT, LON) ; T2:units = "K" ; T2:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; T2:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; T2:average_op_ncl = "dim_avg_n over dimension(s): Time" ; T2:FieldType = 104 ; T2:MemoryOrder = "XY " ; T2:description = "TEMP at 2 M" ; T2:Time = 365.008333333334 ; T2:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float T2max(Time, LAT, LON) ; ! T2max:units = "K" ; T2max:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; T2max:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; ! T2max:description = "DAILY MAX. TEMP at 2 M" ; T2max:Time = 365.008333333334 ; T2max:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float T2min(Time, LAT, LON) ; ! T2min:units = "K" ; T2min:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; T2min:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; ! T2_min:description = "DAILY MIN. TEMP at 2 M" ; T2min:Time = 365.008333333334 ; T2min:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; float precip(Time, LAT, LON) ; ! precip:units = "mm d-1" ; precip:_FillValue = 9.96921e+36f ; precip:missing_value = 9.96921e+36f ; precip:sum_op_ncl = "dim_sum_n over dimension(s): Time" ; precip:description = "Precipitation" ; precip:Time = 365.008333333334 ; precip:cell_methods = "Time: mean" ; 2. Relationship between files: Years in the files do not represent actual forecast years but 20 possible realizations for each scenario and each CMIP5 model. 3. Additional related data that was not included in the current data package: Hourly data are available upon request, contact Stefan Liess at liess@umn.edu. 4. Are there multiple versions of the dataset? no -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Description of methods used for generation of data: see Liess et al., 2022: High-resolution Climate Projections over Minnesota for the 21st Century. Earth and Space Science, https://www.essoar.org/doi/10.1002/essoar.10507340.2