This readme.txt file was generated on <20200124> by ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- 1. Title of Dataset: Validation of an automated shape-matching algorithm for biplane radiographic spine osteokinematics and radiostereometric analysis error quantification 2. Author Information Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Arin M Ellingson Institution: University of Minnesota Address: Minnesota Rehabilitation Biomechanics Laboratory Email: ellin224@umn.edu ORCID: 0000-0001-6154-8035 Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Craig C Kage Institution: University of Minnesota Address: Minnesota Rehabilitation Biomechanics Laboratory Email:kagex001@umn.edu 3. Date of data collection (single date, range, approximate date): 2017 4. Geographic location of data collection (where was data collected?): University of Minnesota 5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development K12HD073945 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development F31HD087069 National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases T32 AR050938 Foundation for Physical Therapy Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics MHP IF #14.02 -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: CC0 1.0 Universal http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: 3. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: 4. Links/relationships to ancillary data sets: 5. Was data derived from another source? If yes, list source(s): 6. Recommended citation for the data: Ellingson, Arin M; Kage, Craig C. (2020). Validation of an automated shape-matching algorithm for biplane radiographic spine osteokinematics and radiostereometric analysis error quantification. Retrieved from the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota, https://doi.org/10.13020/zk0a-1e27. --------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW --------------------- 1. File List A. Filename: PLOS_One_CT_Validation_RSAvsShapeMatching_Ellingson.xlsx Short description: Validation Data - Differences between RSA and Shape Matching B. Filename: PLOS_One_CT_Validation_MonteCarlo_Ellingson.xlsx Short description: Validation Data - C4 with respect to C5 and C5 with respect to C6 Monte Carlo Error (10,000 iterations) -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: Biplane radiography and associated shape-matching provides non-invasive, dynamic, 3D osteo- and arthrokinematic analysis. Due to the complexity of data acquisition, each system should be validated for the anatomy of interest. The purpose of this study was to assess our system’s acquisition methods and validate a custom, automated 2D/3D shape-matching algorithm relative to radiostereometric analysis (RSA) for the cervical and lumbar spine. Additionally, two sources of RSA error were examined via a Monte Carlo simulation: 1) static bead centroid identification and 2) dynamic bead tracking error. Tantalum beads were implanted into a cadaver for RSA and cervical and lumbar spine flexion and lateral bending were passively simulated. A bead centroid identification reliability analysis was performed and a vertebral validation block was used to determine bead tracking accuracy. Our system’s overall root mean square error (RMSE) for the cervical spine ranged between 0.21-0.49mm and 0.42-1.80º and the lumbar spine ranged between 0.35-1.17mm and 0.49-1.06º. The RMSE associated with RSA ranged between 0.14-0.69mm and 0.96-2.33º for bead centroid identification and 0.25-1.19mm and 1.69-4.06º for dynamic bead tracking. The results of this study demonstrate our system’s ability to accurately quantify segmental spine motion. Additionally, RSA errors should be considered when interpreting biplane validation results. 2. Methods for processing the data: Data in this file represents the rotational and translational differences between RSA and shape-matching for several trials of flexion/extension and lateral bending of a cadaveric specimen at the cervical and lumbar spine. Each tab represents one trial of data including 3 trials of cervical spine flexion/extension (FE), 3 trials of cervical spine lateral bending (LB), 2 trials of lumbar spine flexion/extension (FE), and 2 trials of lumbar spine lateral bending (LB). 3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: N/A 4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate: Calibration of the biplane radiographic system and undistortion of trials was done via XMA Lab; Brown University: Brainerd EL, Baier DB, Gatesy SM, Hedrick TL, Metzger KA, Gilbert SL, et al. X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM): precision, accuracy and applications in comparative biomechanics research. J Exp Zool A Ecol Genet Physiol. 2010;313(5):262-79. Epub 2010/01/23. doi: 10.1002/jez.589. PubMed PMID: 20095029. Knorlein BJ, Baier DB, Gatesy SM, Laurence-Chasen JD, Brainerd EL. Validation of XMALab software for marker-based XROMM. J Exp Biol. 2016;219(Pt 23):3701-11. Epub 2016/09/23. doi: 10.1242/jeb.145383. PubMed PMID: 27655556. 5. Environmental/experimental conditions: N/A 6. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: As above. Additionally, all data was filtered with a low-pass, 4th order, Burrterworth filter with a cutoff frequency of 3Hz in MATLAB. 7. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: Authors: Craig C. Kage (1), Mohsen Akbari-Shandiz (2), Mary H. Foltz (1), Rebekah L. Lawrence (1), Taycia L. Brandon (3), Nathaniel E. Helwig (4,5), and Arin M. Ellingson (1,6,7)* Affiliations: 1 Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America 2 Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America 4 Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America 5 School of Statistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America 6 Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America 7 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America ----------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: PLOS_One_CT_Validation_RSAvsShapeMatching_Ellingson.xlsx ----------------------------------------- 1. Number of sheets: 10 CervicalSpine Flexion/Extension (FE) Trial 1 = 181 frames analyzed Trial 2 = 181 frames analyzed Trial 3 = 206 frames analyzed CervicalSpine lateral bending (LB) Trial 1 = 191 frames analyzed Trial 2 = 161 frames analyzed Trial 3 = 171 frames analyzed LumbarSpine Flexion/Extension (FE) Trial 1 = 101 frames analyzed Trial 2 = 120 frames analyzed LumbarSpine lateral bending (LB)  Trial 1 = 61 frames analyzed Trial 2 = 61 frames analyzed 2. Number of cases/rows: varies per sheet based on the number of frames analyzed 3. Missing data codes: Code/symbol Definition Code/symbol Definition 4. Number of Variables (Headers): 18-30 per sheet Column header naming schema: example: Y_RotCT6 Y_RotCT4wrt5 Y_RotCT5wrt6 Z_RotCT4 X, Y, Z = Associated axes RotCT, TransCT = Rotational error (degrees), translation error (mm) 4, 5, 6 = Segmental levels (C4, C5, C6 and L3, L4) wrt5, wrt6 = Intersegmental kinematics (C4 with respect to C5, C5 with respect to C6, L3 with respect to L4) ----------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: PLOS_One_CT_Validation_MonteCarlo_Ellingson.xlsx ----------------------------------------- 1. Number of sheets: 1 2. Number of cases/rows: 10002 3. Missing data codes: Code/symbol Definition Code/symbol Definition 4. Number of Variables (Headers): 12 Column header naming schema: C4wrtC5 Errors X, Y, Z = Associated axes Rot, Trans = Rotational error (degrees), translation error (mm) C4wrtC5, C5wrtC6 = Intersegmental kinematics (C4 with respect to C5, C5 with respect to C6)