This readme.txt file was generated on 2021/09/20 by Natalie McMann, Alexander Peichel, and Jessica Savage

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GENERAL INFORMATION
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1. Title of Dataset 

Plant phenology and floral anatomy data observed from 2017 to 2020 on woody plants growing in Minnesota

2. Author Information

  Principal Investigator Contact Information
        Name: Jessica A. Savage	
           Institution: University of Minnesota
           Address: 1035 Kirby Drive, 207 Swenson Science Building, Duluth, MN 55812
           Email: jsavage@d.umn.edu
	   ORCID: 0000-0002-7756-7166

  First Author Contact Information
	Name: Natalie McMann
	   Institution: University of Minnesota
           Address: 1035 Kirby Drive, 207 Swenson Science Building, Duluth, MN 55812
           Email: mcman110@d.umn.edu
	   ORCID: 0000-0001-5275-7775 

  Second Author Contact Information
	Name: Alexander Peichel
	   Institution: University of Minnesota
           Address: 1035 Kirby Drive, 207 Swenson Science Building, Duluth, MN 55812
           Email: peich022@d.umn.edu

3. Date of data collection (single date, range, approximate date) <suggested format YYYYMMDD>

2017/02/12-2020/06/02

4. Geographic location of data collection (where was data collected?): 

Bagley Nature Area, Duluth, MN —(46.8241° N, 92.0868° W)
University of Minnesota Duluth Campus, Duluth, MN —(46° 49' 10.25" N, 92° 04' 54.12" W)
University of Minnesota Twin Cities Campus, St. Paul, MN —(44° 58' 59.3409”N, 93° 11' 11.1236”W)
Wolf Ridge Environmental Learning Center, Finland, MN —(47° 22′ 55.06″ N, 91° 11′ 45.86″ W)
Central Hillside, Duluth, MN —(46°47'44.8”N, 92°06'17.6"W)

5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data:

National Science Foundation (IOS:1656318), the University of Minnesota – Duluth, the Garden Club of America (Corliss Knapp Engle Scholarship) and the Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program

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SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION
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1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data:

Manuscript copyright held by Wiley Online Library

2. Links to publications that cite or use the data:

McMann, N., Peichel A., & Savage, J. 2022. Early spring flowers rely on xylem hydration but are not limited by stem xylem conductivity. New Phytologist, 233(2), 838-850.  

3. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data:

None

4. Links/relationships to ancillary data sets:

None

5. Was data derived from another source?
           If yes, list source(s):

No

6. Recommended citation for the data:

McMann, N., Peichel A., & Savage, J. 2022. Early spring flowers rely on xylem hydration but are not limited by stem xylem conductivity. New Phytologist, 233(2), 838-850.  

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DATA & FILE OVERVIEW
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1. File List
   A. Filename: Floral_phenology 
      Short description: This file contains data on the timing of floral bud development and flowering time.

   B. Filename: Floral_bud_mass       
      Short description: This file contains data on bud and flower mass and water content at various phenophases. 

   B. Filename: Floral_surface_area      
      Short description: This file contains data on floral surface area during anthesis.

2. Relationship between files: All of these files are data collected during a project investigating the relationship between flowering and plant vasculature.     

3. Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package:

Yes, there are two additional data packages: 

McMann, N., Peichel A., and Savage, J. (2021). Floral and leaf gas exchange and stem hydraulic conductance data observed from 2017 to 2018 on woody plants growing in Minnesota
McMann, N., Peichel A., and Savage, J. (2021). Floral gas exchange data observed from cut and intact inflorescences and during a heating experiment in 2018 on woody plants growing in Duluth, MN

4. Are there multiple versions of the dataset? yes/no

Yes, data in the file “Floral_surface_area” is also included in the data package: 
McMann, N., Peichel A., and Savage, J. (2021). Floral and leaf gas exchange and stem hydraulic conductance data observed from 2017 to 2018 on woody plants growing in Minnesota

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METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION
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1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: 

Six individuals of five species were monitored weekly for changes in floral bud development from late winter until flowering time in 2017 or 2019. Floral bud and inflorescence mass was collected at each phenophase, with one measurement taken at the time of collection and another taken after drying. We then calculated average water mass (g) and dry mass (g). See descriptions under “Variable Lists” below and publication for details. 

In spring of 2020, inflorescence surface area was collected from eight to ten individuals of five species during anthesis. Anthesis is described as when floral parts are fully expanded and the stigma is receptive and/or anthers are shedding pollen. At least three inflorescences were sampled from each individual. For catkin-bearing species, inflorescence surface area was estimated by measuring the length and diameter of the middle of the catkin with calipers then calculating the surface area of a cylinder. For species whose flowers had perianths, we scanned the petals or tepals of individual flowers and measured the area with ImageJ. We then multiplied the surface area by two to account for both sides of the perianth and later multiplied the flower surface area by the number of flowers in the inflorescence to estimate inflorescence surface area.

2. Methods for processing the data: 
NA

3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data:

NA

4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate:

NA

5. Environmental/experimental conditions:

NA

6. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data:

All data entry was triple checked.

7. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission:

Natalie McMann, Jessica Savage, Alexander Peichel, Erin O’Connell, Kennedy Mosher, and Thomas Kiecker

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Floral_Phenology
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1. Number of variables: 6

2. Number of cases/rows: 31

3. Missing data codes:
     NA

4. Variable List

    A. Name: species
       Description: Scientific name of the species

    B. Name: plant_id
       Description: This is the code referenced in other data sets and in archived samples.

    C. Name: date_dormant
       Description: This is the date when the plant was first observed for floral buds in the dormant phenophase. We describe bud dormancy as the  overwintering stage in which the bud or catkin is firmly closed. Date is reported as MM/DD/YY.

    D. Name: date_swell
       Description: This is the date when over 50% of the buds on the plant were determined to be in the swelling stage. We describe bud swelling as an increase in size of the bud or catkin, often accompanied by a change in color or slight bud scale separation. Date is reported as MM/DD/YY.

    E. Name: date_expand
       Description: This is the date when we observed over 50% of floral expansion on the plant. We describe floral expansion as the emergence of floral structures from the bud scales. Petals or tepals unfurl, and reproductive structures may be visible but stigma are not receptive and anthers are not dehiscent. Catkins are elongating but stigma are not receptive or anthers are not dehiscent. Date is reported as MM/DD/YY.

    F. Name: date_anthesis
       Description: This is the date when we observed over 50% of floral anthesis on the plant. We describe floral anthesis as the stage when floral structures are fully expanded or elongated, and the stigma is receptive and/or anthers are dehiscent. Date is reported as MM/DD/YY.

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Floral_bud_mass
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1. Number of variables: 10

2. Number of cases/rows: 31

3. Missing data codes:
     NA

4. Variable List

    A. Name: species
       Description: Scientific name of the species

    B. Name: plant_id
       Description: This is the code referenced in other data sets and in archived samples.

    C. Name: dormant_dry_g
       Description: This is the average dry mass (g) of at least 3 entire floral buds per plant collected during the dormant stage.

    D. Name: dormant_water_g
       Description: This is the average mass (g) of water in at least 3 entire floral buds per plant collected during the dormant stage.

    E. Name: swell_dry_g
       Description: This is the average dry mass (g) of at least 3 entire floral buds per plant collected during the swelling stage.

    F. Name:  swell_water_g
       Description: This is the average= mass (g) of water in at least 3 entire floral buds per plant collected during the swelling stage.

    G. Name: expand_dry_g
       Description: This is the average dry mass (g) of at least 3 entire inflorescences per plant collected during the expansion stage.

    H. Name: expand_water_g
       Description: This is the average mass (g) of water in at least 3 entire inflorescences per plant collected during the expansion stage.

    I. Name: anthesis_dry_g
       Description: This is the average dry mass (g) of at least 3 entire inflorescences per plant collected during anthesis.

    J. Name: anthesis_water_g
       Description: This is the average= mass (g) of water in at least 3 entire inflorescences per plant collected during anthesis.

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Floral_surface_area
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1. Number of variables: 3

2. Number of cases/rows: 45

3. Missing data codes:
     NA

4. Variable List

    A. Name: id
       Description: This is the code of the individual from which we sampled. 

    B. Name: species
       Description: Scientific name of the species

    C. Name: anthesis date
	  Description: This is the date when we first noted anthesis. All inflorescences were collected at or after this date. 

    D. Name: sa_avgm2
       Description: This is the average floral surface area in meters squared from at least 3 inflorescences during anthesis of spring 2020.